Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
|
or next time:
± Look at practice exams and pick questions for
next time
± HW5 due on Thursday, October 2nd at the
exam
Outline:
± Conventions for heat and work
± Work
± Heat
mportant points:
± How to determine the direction of heat and
work flow
± ntegral and specific case equations for heat
and work
± How to compute work from property paths
^nergy Transfer
¦
uu
energy can be added to or taken away
from the system by heat transfer, work
interactions, or with the mass that flows in
or out.
uuenergy transfer is only
by heat and work interactions, because by
definition no mass goes in or out.
G
ºigns for heat, work and mass
transfer
ºign convention
Qin +
Wout + Qin is positive
Qout is negative
Qout u
Winu Win is negative
Wout is positive
mout u min is positive
£
¦
uuis done by a system (on its
surroundings) d the sole effect on
everything external to the system could
have been the raising of a weight.
3
ºystem
boundary
Motor
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ÿemember!
ou¶ve seen work before in
mechanics. t¶s d in terms
of force and displacement
o À
ote that and ds are vectors«.
ü
What is work again?
uuan interaction between a system and
its surroundings whose equivalent action
can be the raising of a weight.
athudependent quantities
À
À
À
|
Work is path dependent
'
||
nits of WOÿ
tu or kJ
|
Moving boundary work
Gas
s s ds
s1 s2
A differential amount of
volume is given by
dV=Apistonds
|G
Moving boundary work
The force on
the piston is
! v
© À
|£
Moving boundary work
! o À ! À
! v
© À
! À ! v
© À À
! dV
|3
What did an integral represent in
calculus?
!
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ºo, if we know p = p(V),
then work due to
compression can be
interpreted as the area under
a curve in pressure u volume
coordinates.
|
Jp
or a pistonucylinder system, two paths are
shown from point 1 to 2. Compute the work
in kJ done in going by path A from 1 to a to
2 (call the work WA) and by path from 1 to
b to 2 (call the work W).
, ka
1 A
a
300
150
b 2
0.05 0.15 V, m3 |ü
Moving boundary work
ºome Common (V) aths
|
The constant pressure process is
the easiest
O CA OL DO
THº TH^
ÿ^ººÿ^ º
COºTAT DÿG
TH^ ÿOC^ºº!
G
Jp
v1 v2 v
£
Moving boundary work
! ©
3
or the gas, V = mÿT or
m ! m m m
Jp
ü
olytropic process
È
È
È
General case of boundary work
for a gas which obeys the
polytropic equation
È
È V
È
È
È The
derivation is
on pg. 137
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Other orms of Work
^lectrical Work
ù
ºhaft Work
ù
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Work and heat transfer
G
H^AT TÿAº ^ÿ
f -
GG
ºign convention is the opposite of
that for work:
G£
Heat transfer is
a property of a
system, just as work is not a
property.
ù
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