Science Form 2 Chapter 2 Nutrition

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 ˜hat is a balanced diet?
 A balanced diet is one which contains the
½ 



of
G Carbohydrates
G Proteins
G Fats
G Vitamins
G Minerals
G Fibre
G water
 ˜hat is a balanced diet?
 ˜
???
G To meet the °



of the
body
 A balanced diet is required for:
 Supplying the required amount of energy to a
person
 A balanced diet is required for:
 Supplying materials for the growth of the
body
 A balanced diet is required for:
 Supplying nutrients to maintain good health
 Anyway,
 A balanced diet suitable for one person may
not be balanced for another person
 Anyway,
 ˜hy??
G BECAUSE the amount of each nutrient required is
different from person to person
 A balanced diet should generally
consist of the following:
 Carbohydrates = 80%
 Fats = 10%
 Proteins = 10%
 ˜ater and fibre = sufficient amounts
 Vitamins and minerals = sufficient amounts
 ˜hat happens if you lack certain
nutrients for a long period of time?
Nutrient severely lacking (kekurangan)
 Protein ü washiorkor
 Nutrient severely lacking
 Iron ü Anaemia
 Nutrient severely lacking
 Anemia
G Anemia (uh-NEE-me-uh) is a condition in which
your blood has a lower than normal number of
red blood cells
G If you have anemia, your body doesn't get enough
oxygen-rich blood. As a result, you may feel tired
and have other symptoms. Severe or long-lasting
anemia can damage the heart, brain, and other
organs of the body. Very severe anemia may even
cause death.
 Nutrient severely lacking
 Iodine ü Ôoiter
 Nutrient severely lacking
 Vitamin A ü Night-blindness
 Nutrient severely lacking
 Night-blindness
G Night blindness is the inability of the eye to adapt to dark
lighting conditions. People with this condition have normal
vision when there is a sufficient amount of light. Dealing with
night blindness can be very difficult. Driving during the night
becomes a pain.
ou are unable to attend weekend parties at
night and cannot see and enjoy the stars in the clear sky. Night
blindness can occur due to a vitamin deficiency and in some
cases it could be due to a medical condition. Taking few simple
steps could leave your eye healthy and prevent night blindness.
Read more: ow Can Night Blindness Be Prevented? |
e ow.com http://www.ehow.com/way_5191477_can-night-
blindness-prevented_.html#ixzz1Fvto1eVb
 Nutrient severely lacking
 Vitamin B ü Beri-beri
 Nutrient severely lacking
 Beri-beri
G 

(pronounced /båri båri/) is a nervous
system ailment caused by a 



°

 (deficiency of vitamin B1) in the
diet.Thiamine is involved in the breakdown of
energy molecules such as glucose and is also
found on the membranes of neurons. Symptoms
of beriberi include severe lethargy and fatigue,
together with complications affecting
the cardiovascular, nervous, muscular,
and gastrointestinal systems.
 Nutrient severely lacking
 Vitamin C ü Scurvy
 Nutrient severely lacking
 Vitamin D / Calcium ü Rickets
 Nutrient severely lacking
 Fibre ü Constipation
˜hat happens if you have excess
nutrients?
Makan terlalu banyak͙. ü
Excess nutrients will also create health
problems
 Carbohydrates ü besity
Excess nutrients will also create health
problems
 Fats ü ealth problems
Excess nutrients will also create health
problems
 Sugar ü Diabetes, tooth decay
Excess nutrients will also create health
problems
 Sugar ü Diabetes, tooth decay
Excess nutrients will also create health
problems
 Sugar ü Diabetes, tooth decay
Excess nutrients will also create health
problems
 Sugar ü Diabetes, tooth decay
Excess nutrients will also create health
problems
 Common salt ü igh blood pressure
SUPER IMPRTANT T INÔ:
T E FD P
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 1. Age
 Ôrowing children are more active than older
people, and so need more energy (

 ° 
°
 )
 1. Age

 They also require more 
 to get

amino acids for building new cells and for
growth
 2. Body Size

 People with a 

°
require



for their activities than
those with a smaller body
 . Ôender
 Men normally produce and lose more heat
than women of the same age and body build.
 So man require more energy to replace the
energy lost through heat.
 4. Job



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like a gardener uses up

 An


than a sedentary worker
like a clerk
 5. Climate
 A person living in a cold country loses more
heat to the environment than a person living
in a hot country.
 So the person in a cold country needs more
energy to maintain his body temperature
 ¢. State of ealth
 A sick person is weak and requires more
energy to recover. Therefore, he needs more
nutritious and energy-giving food.
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 Calorific values of food
 The energy contained in food is determined in
 
 or +
 Calorific values of food

1 calorie 4.2 joules (J)

1 kilocalorie 4.2 kilojoules (kJ)
 : ˜hat is 1 calorie?
A: ne calorie is the amount of heat required to
raise the temperature of one gram of water by
1oC under normal atmospheric pressure
: ˜hat is Calorific value of food?
A: The  


 
of a food is the amount
of energy that is set free when one gram of
the food is completely oxidized
 The average colorific values

 

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Fat 8.5 kJ per gram
Protein 22.2 kJ per gram
Carbohydrate 17.2 kJ per gram
Activity: Planning a balanced diet
for a day
Diagram below shows the minimum food eaten in a day
by Ali which includes three meals and a tea break.

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˜orking as a general clerk with moderate activities, Ali needs to meet

the basic energy requirement of about 11,500 kJ/day.
(a) Calculate the total energy gained in a day by Ali (1 m)
(b) Does he meet the daily basic energy requirement for his working
condition? (1 m)
Diagram below shows the minimum food eaten in a day
by Ali which includes three meals and a tea break.

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(c) ˜ill his diet effect his health in the long term? ˜hy? (2 m)
(d) ow would it affect his calorie requirement if he changed to
work as a laborer? (1 m)