9-4 Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing

9-4 Solving Quadratic Equations by
Graphing
Warm Up
1. Graph y = x2 + 4x + 3.
2. Identify the vertex and zeros of the

function above.
vertex:(–2 , –1);
zeros:–3, –1
Every quadratic function has a related quadratic
equation. The standard form of a quadratic
equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c
are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
When writing a quadratic function as its related

quadratic equation, you replace y with 0.
y = ax2 + bx + c
0 = ax2 + bx + c
One way to solve a quadratic equation in standard
form is to graph the related function and find the
x-values where y = 0. In other words, find the
zeros of the related function. Recall that a
quadratic function may have two, one, or no zeros.
Additional Example 1A: Solving Quadratic
Equations by Graphing
Solve the equation by graphing the related function.
2x2 – 18 = 0
Step 1 Write the related function.
2x2 – 18 = y, or y = 2x2 + 0x – 18
Step 2 Graph the function.
●
• The axis of symmetry is x = 0. x=0
●
• The vertex is (0, –18). (3, 0)
• Two other points (2, –10) and

● ●
(3, 0) (2, –10)
• Graph the points and reflect them ●
(0, –18)
across the axis of symmetry.
Additional Example 1A Continued
2x2 – 18 = 0
Step 3 Find the zeros.
The zeros appear to be 3 and –3.
The solutions of 2x2 – 18 = 0 are 3 and –3.
Check 2x2 – 18 = 0 2x2 – 18 = 0
Substitute 3
2(3)2 – 18 0 and –3 for x in 2(–3)2 – 18 0
2(9) – 18 0 the original
2(9) – 18 0
equation.
18 – 18 0 18 – 18 0
0 0 0 0
Additional Example 1B: Solving Quadratic
–12x + 18 = –2x2
2x2 – 12x + 18 = 0
y = 2x2 – 12x + 18
Use a graphing calculator.
The only zero appears to be 3. This means 3 is the
only root of 2x2 – 12x + 18.
Additional Example 1C: Solving Quadratic
2x2 + 4x = –3
y = 2x2 + 4x + 3
Step 2 Graph the function. (–3, 9)  (1, 9)
• The axis of symmetry is x = –1.

• The vertex is (–1, 1). (–2, 3) (0, 3)
• Two other points (0, 3) and
 (–1, 1)
(1, 9).
• Graph the points and reflect them
Additional Example 1C Continued
2x2 + 4x = –3
The function appears to
have no zeros.
The equation has no real-number solutions.
Check It Out! Example 1a
x2 – 8x – 16 = 2x2
y = x2 + 8x + 16
x = –4
• The vertex is (–4, 0).
● ●(–2 , 4)
• The y-intercept is 16.
• Two other points are (–3, 1) and ● ● (–3, 1)
(–2, 4). ●
• Graph the points and reflect them (–4, 0)
Check It Out! Example 1a Continued
Solve the equation by graphing the related
function.
x2 – 8x – 16 = 2x2
The only zero appears to be –4.
Check y = x2 + 8x + 16 Substitute –4 for x
0 (–4)2 + 8(–4) + 16 in the quadratic
0 16 – 32 + 16 equation.
0 0
Check It Out! Example 1b
function.
6x + 10 = –x2
Step 1 Write the related function. x = –3
y = x2 + 6x + 10
• The axis of symmetry is x = –3 .
• The vertex is (–3 , 1). ● ● (–1, 5)
• The y-intercept is 10. ● ● (–2, 2)

●
• Two other points (–1, 5) and (–3, 1)
(–2, 2)
Check It Out! Example 1b Continued
function.
x2 + 6x + 10 = 0
The function appears
to have no zeros
The equation has no real-number solutions.
Check It Out! Example 1c
function.
–x2 + 4 = 0
y = –x2 + 4
The function appears to have

zeros at (2, 0) and (–2, 0).
Recall from Chapter 7 that a root of a polynomial
is a value of the variable that makes the
polynomial equal to 0. So, finding the roots of a
quadratic polynomial is the same as solving the
related quadratic equation.
Additional Example 2A: Finding Roots of Quadratic
Polynomials
Find the roots of x2 + 4x + 3
Step 1 Write the related equation.
0 = x2 + 4x + 3
y = x2 + 4x + 3
y = x2 + 4x + 3
Step 3 Graph the related function.
(–4, 3)  
• The vertex is (–2, –1). (–3, 0)
 
• Two other points are (–3, 0) (–2, –1)
and (–4, 3)
Additional Example 2A Continued
Find the roots of each quadratic polynomial.
The zeros appear to be –3 and –1. This means –3
and –1 are the roots of x2 + 4x + 3.
Check 0 = x2 + 4x + 3 0 = x2 + 4x + 3
0 (–3)2 + 4(–3) + 3 0 (–1)2 + 4(–1) + 3
0 9 – 12 + 3 0 1–4+3
0 0 0 0
Additional Example 2B: Finding Roots of Quadratic
Polynomials
Find the roots of x2 + x – 20
0 = x + x – 20
2 y = x 2
+ 4x – 20
y = x2 + 4x – 20
• The axis of symmetry is x = – .
• The vertex is (–0.5, –20.25).   (2, –15)
• Two other points are (1, –18)  
 (1, –18)
and (2, –15) (–0.5, –20.25).
Additional Example 2B Continued
Find the roots of x2 + x – 20

The zeros appear to be –5 and 4. This means –5
and 4 are the roots of x2 + x – 20.
Check 0 = x2 + x – 20 0 = x2 + x – 20
0 (–5)2 – 5 – 20 0 42 + 4 – 20
0 25 – 5 – 20 0 16 + 4 – 20
0 0 0 0
Additional Example 2C: Finding Roots of Quadratic
Polynomials
Find the roots of x2 – 12x + 35
0 = x – 12x + 35
2 y = x 2
– 12x + 35
y = x2 – 12x + 35
(4, 3) 
• The axis of symmetry is x = 6. (5, 0)  
• The vertex is (6, –1).  (6, –1).
(5, 0)
Additional Example 2C Continued
Find the roots of x2 – 12x + 35

The zeros appear to be 5 and 7. This means 5 and 7
are the roots of x2 – 12x + 35.
Check 0 = x2 – 12x + 35 0 = x2 – 12x + 35

0 52 – 12(5) + 35 0 72 – 12(7) + 35
0 25 – 60 + 35 0 49 – 84 + 35
0 0 0 0
Check It Out! Example 2a
x2 + x – 2 y = x2 + x – 2
0 = x2 + x – 2
y = x2 + x – 2 (–2, 0) 
(–1, –2) (–0.5, –2.25).
• The axis of symmetry is x = –0.5.
• The vertex is (–0.5, –2.25).
• Two other points (–1, –2) and
(–2, 0)
Check It Out! Example 2a Continued
The zeros appear to be –2 and 1. This means –2
and 1 are the roots of x2 + x – 2.
Check 0 = x2 + x – 2 0 = x2 + x – 2
0 (–2)2 + (–2) – 2 0 12 + (1) – 2
0 4–2–2 0 1+1–2
0 0 0 0
Check It Out! Example 2b
9x2 – 6x + 1 y = 9x2 – 6x + 1
0 = 9x2 – 6x + 1
( , 4)  
y = 9x2 – 6x + 1
Step 3 Graph the related function. (0, 1)  
• The axis of symmetry is x = .  ( , 0).
• The vertex is ( , 0).
( , 4)
Check It Out! Example 2b Continued
There appears to be one zero at . This means that
is the root of 9x2 – 6x + 1.
Check 0 = 9x2 – 6x + 1
0 9( )2 – 6( )+1
0 1–2+1
0 0
Check It Out! Example 2c
3x2 – 2x + 5 y = 3x2 – 2x + 5
0 = 3x2 – 2x + 5
 
y = 3x2 – 2x + 5   (1, 6)
Step 3 Graph the related function. 
• The axis of symmetry is x = .
• The vertex is ( , ).
( , )
Check It Out! Example 2c Continued
There appears to be no zeros. This means that
there are no real roots of 3x2 – 2x + 5.
Additional Example 3: Application
A frog jumps straight up from the ground.
The quadratic function f(t) = –16t2 + 12t
models the frog’s height above the ground
after t seconds. About how long is the frog
in the air?
When the frog leaves the ground, its height is
0, and when the frog lands, its height is 0. So
solve 0 = –16t2 + 12t to find the times when
the frog leaves the ground and lands.
0 = –16t2 + 12t
y = –16t2 + 12t
Additional Example 3 Continued

Step 3 Use to estimate the
zeros.
The zeros appear to be 0 and 0.75.
The frog leaves the ground at 0
seconds and lands at 0.75
seconds.
The frog is off the ground for

about 0.75 seconds.
Additional Example 3 Continued
Check 0 = –16t2 + 12t

0 –16(0.75)2 + 12(0.75)
Substitute 0.75 for t in
0 –16(0.5625) + 9 the quadratic
0 –9 + 9 equation.
0 0
Check It Out! Example 3
What if…? A dolphin jumps out of the water.
The quadratic function y = –16x2 + 32x
models the dolphin’s height above the water
after x seconds. About how long is the dolphin
out of the water? Check your answer.
When the dolphin leaves the water, its height is
0, and when the dolphin reenters the water, its
height is 0. So solve 0 = –16x2 + 32x to find
the times when the dolphin leaves and reenters
the water.
Step 1 Write the related function
0 = –16x2 + 32x
y = –16x2 + 32x
Check It Out! Example 3 Continued

Step 3 Use to estimate the
zeros.
The zeros appear to be 0 and 2.
The dolphin leaves the water
at 0 seconds and reenters at
2 seconds.
The dolphin is out of the
water for about 2 seconds.
Check It Out! Example 3 Continued
Check 0 = –16x2 + 32x

0 –16(2)2 + 32(2)
Substitute 2 for x in
0 –16(4) + 64 the quadratic
0 –64 + 64 equation.
0 0
Lesson Quiz
Solve each equation by graphing the related
function.
1. 3x2 – 12 = 0 2, –2
2. x2 + 2x = 8 –4, 2
3. 3x – 5 = x2 ø
4. 3x2 + 3 = 6x 1
5. A rocket is shot straight up from the ground.
The quadratic function f(t) = –16t2 + 96t
models the rocket’s height above the ground after
t seconds. How long does it take for the rocket to
return to the ground? 6s

9-4 Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing

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9-4 Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing

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9-4 Solving Quadratic Equations by

2. Identify the vertex and zeros of the

When writing a quadratic function as its related

• Two other points (2, –10) and

• The axis of symmetry is x = –1.

• The y-intercept is 10. ● ● (–2, 2)

Step 3 Find the zeros.

The function appears to have

Step 4 Find the zeros.

Step 4 Find the zeros.

Check 0 = x2 – 12x + 35 0 = x2 – 12x + 35

Step 2 Graph the function.

The frog is off the ground for

Check 0 = –16t2 + 12t

Step 2 Graph the function.

Check 0 = –16x2 + 32x

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