Occupational Health & Safety

Management Systems:

BS 8800/OHSAS 18001
COSHH

MST324 lecture 6

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Key legislation
• Health and Safety at Work etc, Act 2001
o original act 1974
• Management of Health and Safety at
Work Regulations 1999
• Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health Regulations 2002
o normally referred to as COSHH

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 BS 8800
(National Health Service SAFECODE)

• http://www.safecode.co.uk/Power%20Point%20Presentations/management/sld004.htm

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BS 8800/OHSAS 18001
• BS 8800
o non-certifiable guidance document
o use when implementing a health and safety system
within ISO 14001
• OHSAS 18001
o from ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
o an auditable management system

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 BS 8800
(National Health Service SAFECODE)

• http://www.safecode.co.uk/Power%20Point%20Presentations/management/sld017.htm

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OHSAS 18001
• OHSAS 18001(Occupational Health
and Safety Assessment Series)
o published in April 1999
o specifies requirements of a OH&S MS
o designed to be applicable to
• all types and sizes of companies
• diverse geographical, cultural and social
conditions.

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OHSAS 18001
• Certification against OHSAS
is aimed at the way a company has

o knowledge of ...
o and control over ...

all relevant risks resulting from

normal operations and abnormal situations.

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OHSAS 18001
• Growing demand for a management
system based standard for OH&S
• stand alone management system or
integrated with either their ISO 14001
or ISO 9001 management system.
• expect an accreditation scheme will
emerge within the next 2 years

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OHSAS 18001
• OHSAS 18001 structure - six sections:
• General Requirements
• OH&S Policy
• Planning
• Implementation and Operation
• Checking and Corrective Action
• Management Review

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OHSAS 18001
OHSAS (Occupational Health and Safety
Assessment Series) 18001
• OHSAS 18001: Specifications for
OH&S Management Systems
• OHSAS 18002: Guidance for
OH&S Management Systems
• OHSAS 18003: Criteria for auditors of
OH&S Management Systems

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OHSAS 18001
• Traditional occupational health
and safety management reacted
to work related incidents.
• OHSAS 18001 plans for the
control of work related risks.

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OHSAS 18001
• H&S costs facing organizations
include but are not limited to:
o investigation time,
o wages paid for lost time,
o training replacements,
o extra supervisory and clerical time,
o decreased output of worker upon return
o the loss of business and goodwill

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OHSAS 18001
Benefits of Registration:
 potential reduction in the number of accidents
 potential reduction in downtime and associated costs
 demonstration of legal and regulatory compliance
 demonstration of commitment to stakeholders
 demonstration of innovative, forward thinking approach
 increased access to new customers and business
 better management of risks, now and in the future
 potential reduced public liability insurance costs
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 Some URLs for BS8800/OHSAS 18001
• http://www.bvqina.com/ohsas18001.html
• http://www.nsaiinc.com/ohas.html
• http://www.isoqar.com/ohsas18001/hsintro.htm
• http://www.safecode.co.uk/Power%20Point%20Presentations/management/sld001.htm

• http://www.futurepast.com/h-ssys.htm
• http://www.arkhealthandsafety.com/html/FCTSHEET.HTM
• http://www.nqa.com/stand6.htm

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British Standards for
Occupational & Personal Safety
Search terms on BSI shop website:
• Ergonomics
• Noise with respect to human beings
• Industrial hygiene
• Protection against electric shock.
• Protective equipment
• Radiation measurements
• Radiation protection
• Safety of machinery
• Vibration and shock
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British Standards for PPE
• Hand and arm protection
• Head protective equipment
• Leg and foot protection
• Lifejackets, buoyancy aids and flotation
• Protection against falling and slipping
• Protective clothing
• Respiratory protective devices
• Radiation measurements/protection
• Safety of machinery
• Vibration and shock + general/other
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 COSHH
• Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health Regulations 1999
• What are hazardous substances?
 substances used directly in work activities
eg glues, paints, cleaning agents
 substances generated during work activities
eg fumes from soldering and welding
 naturally occurring substances
eg grain dust, blood, bacteria

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COSHH
• Health effects are the different ways
you can become ill:
o cancer
o dermatitis
o occupational asthma
o poison
o reproductive toxicity
• harm to unborn or breast feeding children,
or to fertility
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COSHH
• COSHH does cover, e.g.:
o chemicals or mixtures of substances
o substances with occupational exposure
limits
o biological agents
o dusts, in certain concentrations
o any other substances which have similar
hazards to health but for technical reasons
may not be specifically covered by CHIP ...
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CHIP
Chemicals (Hazard Information and
Packaging for Supply) Regulations 1994.
o to ensure that people supplied with chemicals
receive the information they need to protect
themselves, others and the environment.
o obliges suppliers to identify the hazards and
pass on this information with advice on safe
use. This is usually done by means of
package labels and safety data sheets.

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Corrosive Explosive Oxidising Extremely Highly
flammable flammable

Very toxic Toxic Harmful Irritant Danger to

environment

CHIP symbols from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1994/Uksi_19943247_en_4.htm#end

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 COSHH
• the presence (or not) of a warning label
will indicate whether COSHH is relevant
• COSHH does not cover:
o asbestos and lead
o radioactive substances per se
o explosive or flammable substances
o chemicals at high temperature / pressure.
Other laws apply in these cases

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7 steps to COSHH
o Step 1
Work out what hazardous substances are
used in your work place and find out the risks
from using these substances to people's
health.
o Step 2
Decide what precautions are needed before
starting work with hazardous substances.

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7 steps to COSHH
o Step 3
Prevent people being exposed to
hazardous substances, but where this is
not reasonably practicable, control the
exposure.
o Step 4
Make sure control measures are used and
maintained properly and that safety
procedures are followed.

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7 steps to COSHH
o Step 5
If required, monitor exposure of employees to
hazardous substances.
o Step 6
Carry out health surveillance where your
assessment has shown that this is necessary or
COSHH makes specific requirements.
o Step 7
Make sure employees are properly informed,
trained and supervised.
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COSHH
• Consider:
o changing the process or activity
• eg mixing in a closed vessel to minimise vapour
o replacing it with a safer alternative
• is the hazardous substance essential
o using it in a safer form
• eg pellets are less dusty than powder.
• and then:
o use appropriate
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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URLs for COSHH
• http://www.hse.gov.uk/hthdir/noframes/coshh/
• http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg181.pdf
• http://www.rsc.org/pdf/ehsc/comprsn.pdf
• http://www.hseni.gov.uk/pdfs/coshh.pdf
• http://www.dti.gov.uk/chemicals/atlas/
• http://www.plantsci.rdg.ac.uk/research-services/COSHH/coshh.html

• http://www.fastplanonline.co.uk/

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BBC Safety Net on-line
http://www.bbc-safety.co.uk/default.htm
• Selection, use, & maintenance of safety
equipment including personal protective
equipment (February 1997)
o http://www.bbc-safety.co.uk/guidance/safety_equipment.html

• Guide to Programme Risk Assessment

Production, Broadcast & News Safety
Services (November, 1999)
o http://www.bbc-safety.co.uk/guidance/pra.html

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Restriction of Hazardous
Substances (RoHS)
• EC Directive 2002/95/EC
• restricts use of certain hazardous
substances in electrical and electronic
equipment
• legislation affects manufacturers,
sellers, distributors and recylers of
electrical and electronic equipment

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RoHS ii
• specific to
o lead
o mercury
o cadmium
o hexavalent chromium
o polybrominated  biphenyls
o polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

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ROHS iii
o Directive covers the same scope as the
WEEE (waste electrical and electronic
equipment directive)
o except for medical devices and monitoring
and control instruments.
o applies to electric light bulbs
and light fittings in households.

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REACH
• Registration,
Evaluation,
Authorisation and Restriction of
Chemicals (REACH)

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REACH intends to ...
• improve the protection of
human health and the environment
• encourage the substitution of
hazardous chemicals by safer ones
• maintain competitiveness and
enhance the innovative capability of
the EU chemicals industry
• promote research and development
leading to new products.
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REACH
• passes responsibility for
management of risks from chemicals
to the industry
• requires the provision of
appropriate safety information

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RISK ASSESSMENT
• essential for safe working
• applicable beyond OH&S
• quick assessment of relative risks
• simple methodology, usually
o Risk factor = probability x severity
o other forms may be used
e.g. Yoxon & Sheldon for EMS (last week)

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Fire risk assessment
• Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
o from 01 October 2006,
all owners/occupiers of UK business premises
have to carry out a Fire Risk Assessment
on their buildings

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Probability
• 1 = unlikely
• 2 = possible
• 3 = probable

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Severity
• 1 = minor
• 2 = serious
• 3 = critical

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Risk factor
• 1-3 = low risk
• 4 = medium risk
• 6 or 9 = high risk

• NB: the number must be

o calculated, NOT estimated separately
o the product of 1, 2 or 3
so RF cannot be 5, 7, 8.
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Risk assessment as a Table
One Row / activity with Columns for:
• Reference number
• Activity
• Task
• Hazards
• Persons in Danger
• Probability (P)
• Severity (S)
• Risk Factor (R = P*S)
• Controls in Place or Action to be Taken
• Additional  Requirements
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Risk assessments for BRL007

• Table of risks for composites

manufacturing and associated processes at
http://www.tech.plym.ac.uk/sme/MATS324/risk.htm
• primary importance is relative risk
o permitting minimisation of problems arising
• document recommends best practice
o actions to be taken
o controls to be in place
o additional requirements
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