|




  

K.L. Goodyear
 |



  

— {es! Just like in chemistry they do regulate

these things͙unfortunately.
— Enter the: x   

 



  x
 ë  
— Ensure a unique scientific name for each taxon ʹ must
be in Latin and conform with Latin grammar
— Provide rules for publication of new names and
determine if old names are acceptable
— Ensure adequate documentation and dating of names
— Ensure 

— ºllow for revisions of names and classification on the
basis of new information or insights
— Provide a chronological starting point to names used
— Provide an administrative system to oversee
interpretation and improvement of the code
 Ñ 
 
— ëhe actual specimen used for the first published
description of a species must be deposited in a
recognized museum or collection as a 


 referred to as the  (this not a
͚typical͛ specimen or an ideal specimen ). Other
specimens collected at the same locality and time
as the holotype may be deposited in another
museum as paratypes.
— ëype specimens must include precise data as to
location and time of collection
 ë 

 
— ëype specimens are the objective standard of
reference for the application of zoological names.
— Ñ    
 


 

   
      

 

 
— xn this way
  

 ,
which can be referred to later if there is doubt
over the interpretation of that name.
 · 
 


— ëhe purpose of a type is purely
nomenclatural, i.e. to 
  

 

— ëypes do not need to be typical in the sense of
representing an average of the range of
variation of a taxon, nor do they need to be a
particular sex or life stage, or even a whole
specimen.
 Îow it is done͙
º
 
 Linnaeus, 1758.
— ëhe ͚binominal͛ part of the name is in italics or some other
distinguishing font or underline to indicate that this is the
universal scientific name.
— ëhe person who first described the species º
 
 in a
published work was Linnaeus in 1758 and that he described it
as a member of the genus º
.

ëhey can shorten it!

º
 
 Linnaeus, 1758 can be written as

º. mellifera L., 1758 or just º

.
  
  

— ëhe oldest name available is the right one

Example:
Nunneley 1837 established @
    (Gastropoda), Wiktor
2001 classified it as a junior synonym of @
 
  Linnaeus 1758
from S and W Europe.
@
 
  was established first, so if Wiktor's 2001 classification
is accepted, @
 
    

over @
   
and has to be used for the species.
  
  
— ëhe act of publishing a new zoological name automatically
establishes all the corresponding names in the relevant ranks,
with the same type.
— Establishing a species name will set the stage for any new
subspecies that will be discovered!
Example:
xn the species-group, publishing a species name (the binomen) á

 

  Linnaeus, 1758 also establishes the subspecies name
(the trinomen) á
  

  

  Linnaeus,
1758.
á !
 !

  
 " # 
— Essentially, the fastest is right
Example
Linnæus 1758 established 
 
 and 
  
(ºves), for which he gave different descriptions and referred to
different types, but both taxa later turned out to refer to the
same species, the snowy owl. ëhe two names are subjective
synonyms. Lönnberg 1931 acted as First Reviser, cited both
names and selected 
 
 to have precedence.
  
$
 


— ëhis is the principle that the name of each

taxon must be unique
xt means that any one animal name, in one particular
spelling, may be used only once (within its group). ëhis
will usually be the first-published name; any later name
with the same spelling (a 
 
) is barred from
being used. ëhe  
 of    and the " 
#  apply here.
  
$
 


— Genera can either be homonyms or not. º one-letter

difference is not tolerated.
@ $%
  
$
 


Example:

Drury 1773 established 

   (Coleoptera) for a
species from Jamaica. Fueblin 1775 established 

   for a different species from Switzerland, and did not

refer to Drury's name. Fueblin's name is a junior primary
homonym.
 Special Cases

— Sometimes a species is transferred to a genus other than the one in which

it was originally described. xn this case     
   

     
 .

— For example the lion was originally described by Linnaeus as ù
  but
over time knowledge of the cat family developed and the genus ù
 was
split up; the lion was placed the new genus  and so the name is
now   (Linnaeus, 1758)

ë   
 



       
  


     

Summary
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