Zigbee

navigator

Presented by
Rakesh
Sandeep
Ankit
 OBJECTIVE

 Controlling the navigation of robot

using Zigbee technology.
PROJECT OVERVIEW

ZigBee ZigBee

PC Microcontroller

Robot

Driver Motor
 What is Zigbee ?
 Zigbee is a wireless networking technology.
 ZigBee is the set of specifications built around
the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless protocol.
 ZigBee technology is a low data rate, low power
consumption, low cost, wireless networking
protocol targeted towards automation and remote
control applications.
 Zigbee ideal for harsh radio environments in
isolated locations.
 Why the name Zigbee ?
 The name "ZigBee" is derived from the
erratic zig zag patterns many bees make
between flowers when collecting pollen.
This is suggestive of the invisible webs of
connections existing in a fully wireless
environment, similar to the way packets
would move through a mesh network.
 Need for Zigbee
 ZigBee was created to satisfy the market's need
of a standards-based wireless network that is
 cost-effective
 supports low data rates
 low power consumption
 secure and reliable
 ZigBee is the only wireless standards-based
technology:
 that addresses the unique needs of remote monitoring & control,
and sensory network applications.
 enables broad-based deployment of wireless networks with low
cost, low power solutions.
 provides the ability to run for years on inexpensive primary
batteries for a typical monitoring application
 Zigbee Alliance
 The ZigBee Alliance is an association of
companies working together to enable
reliable, cost-effective, low-power,
wirelessly networked, monitoring and
control products based on an open global
standard ( IEEE 802.15.4 PAN )
TECHNOLOGY
COMPARISIONS
ZigBee® Wi-Fi™ Bluetooth™
Standard
802.15.4 802.11b 802.15.1

Transmission range 1 – 100* 1 - 100 1 – 10

(meters)
100 – 1,000 0.5 – 5.0 1-7
Battery Life (days)

Network Size (# of > 64,000 32 7

nodes)
Monitoring & Web, Email, Cable
Application
Control Video Replacement
4 – 32 1,000 250
Stack Size (KB)

20 – 250 11,000 720

Data rate (kb/s)
 Zigbee
Characteristics
 Zigbee operates is one of three license free bands
 2.4 GHz, 915 MHz for North America, and 868 MHz for Europe
 At 2.4 GHZ, there are a total of 16 channels available with a
maximum data transfer of 250 kbps
 At 915 MHz: 10 channels for a max 40 kbps transfer rate
 At 868 MHz: 1 channel for a max 20 kbps transfer rate
 ZigBee incorporates a CSMA-CA protocol
 This protocol that reduces the probability of interfering with other users
and automatic retransmission of data ensures robustness.
 By determining when to transmit, unnecessary clashes are avoided.
 Yields high throughput and low latency for low duty cycle devices
like sensors and controls
 Optimized for low duty-cycle applications providing long battery life
(<0.1%)
 Zigbee
Characteristics
128-bit AES encryption – Provides secure connections
between devices
Support for multiple network topologies : star, peer-to-
peer, mesh
Addressing space of up to 64 bit IEEE address devices
Up to 65,535 nodes on a network
Optional guaranteed time slot for applications requiring
low latency
Fully reliable hand-shaked protocol for transfer
reliability
Range: 50m typical (5-500m based on environment)
 DATA TRANSFER
 Information in a Zigbee network is transferred in packets
 Each packet has a maximum size of 128 bytes, allowing
for a maximum payload of 104 bytes.
 The Zigbee specification supports a maximum data
transfer rate of 250 kbps for a range of up to 30 meters
 A Zigbee network has an optimal super frame structure
with a method for time synchronization
 For priority messages, a guaranteed time slot mechanism
has been incorporated . This allows high priority
messages to be sent across the network as rapidly as
possible.
ZIGBEE TOPOLOGY
 Zigbee Supports 2 Topologies
 Star topology
 Peer to Peer topology
STAR TOPOLOGY
PEER TO PEER
TOPOLOGY
ZIGBEE NETWORK
MODEL
APPLICATIONS
8051 Development
Board

MICRO CONTROLLER
 8051 FAMILY
 8051 is a 8-bit micro controller introduced by Intel Corp
in 1981. It has 128 byte of RAM, 4K bytes of on-chip
ROM, two timers,one serial port and four i/o ports each
of 8-bit wide on single chip.As it is 8-bit micro controller
only 8 bits data can be processed at a time. 8051 has a
total of 5+1 Interrupt sources, 5 software and 1
hardware.
8051
 STEPPER MOTOR
UNI-POLAR:
 INPUT COMBINATIONS
Step WB2 WB1 WA2 WA1

0 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 1
2 0 1 0 0
3 0 1 1 0
4 0 0 1 0
5 1 0 1 0
6 1 0 0 0
ULN2803 It contains eight darlington
transistors with common emitters
DRIVER and integral
suppression diodes for inductive
loads. Each
darlington features a peak load
current rating of
600mA (500mA continuous) and
can withstand atleast 50V in
the off state. Outputs maybe
paralleled for higher current
capability
THANK YOU