Process

of
Research
 Process involves Planning & Execution

Eight Step Research process:

Step 1: Deciding what to do

Step 2 to Step 5: How to do
Step 6 to Step 8: Actually doing research

Researchers spend a majority of time in

planning, as it holds key to success of research
Steps in Research Process:

Step I : Formulating a research problem

Step 2: Conceptualizing a research Design

Step 3: Constructing an instrument for data collection

Step 4: Selecting a Sample

Steps in Research Process:

Step 5: Writing a Research Proposal

Step 6: Collecting data

Step 7: Processing data

Step 8: Writing a Research Report

 Types of Research

Qualitative

Quantitative

Both the types follow similar research process,

however there is a difference in the process of data
collection, data processing & communication of findings
 Qualitative Quantitative

Structured/Rigid/ pre Unstructured/ Flexible/

determined approach open approach

Focus is on Quantification Focus is on describing

of variation in a situation the variation

Emphasis on greater
Fewer cases evaluated
sample size

Explains prevalence, Explores experiences,

incidence, extent, attitudes, meanings, feelings etc
opinions etc
 Qualitative Quantitative

Data Analysis Responses/ narrations/

involves frequency Observations are subjected to
distributions, cross themes & classifications of
tabulations & many the same
statistical procedures

Final report i more Final report is quite descriptive

analytical in nature, and narrative in nature
drawing inferences
& conclusions,
testing magnitude
& strength of relationships
 Formulate a Research problem

Problem definition involves stating the general problem

and identifying the components for specific research

Identification of problem is a vital step for successful

completion of research problem

Inadequate problem definition is a leading

cause of failure of all research projects
Problem Definition has two aspects:

1. Management decision problem – Asks what the

Decision maker needs to do

2. Research Problem – Asks what information is

required & how best it can be obtained
 Management Decision Problem

Tasks Involved :

Discussion with decision makers

Interviews with Experts

Secondary data Analysis

Qualitative Research
 Environmental Context of the Problem


Past Information & Forecasts

Resources & Constraints




Objectives


Legal & Economic Environment


Managerial Skills
 Formulating a Research Problem

Research Problem aims at giving information to decision

maker that will help him take the right decision

Research Problem should neither be too

broad nor too narrow
 Formulating a Research Problem

Management Decision problem :

Pantaloons is losing market share for its Kids

segment apparel range

Research Problem :

Determine the relative strengths & weaknesses of

Pantaloons Kids range vis a vis its competitors
 Formulating a Research Problem

Management Decision problem :

Should the new product be introduced?

Research Problem :

To determine consumer preferences & purchase

intentions of proposed new product
 Formulating a Research Problem

Management Decision problem :

Should the advertising campaign be changed?

Research Problem :

To determine the effectiveness of the current

advertising campaign?
 Formulating a Research Problem

Management Decision problem :

Should the price of the brand be increased?

Research Problem :

To determine the price elasticity of demand & the impact

on sales & profits at various levels of price change
 Research Problem should neither be too
broad nor too narrow

To avoid this,

State the problem in broad general terms &

identify its specific components

These components are referred to as Research Questions

 Research Questions :
Research Questions are refined statements of specific
components of the problem

Research Problem :

Determine the relative strengths & weaknesses of

Pantaloons Kids range vis a vis its competitors

Research Questions :

Does Pantaloons have better assortment of merchandise?

Does Pantaloons have a more effective advertising campaign
Does Pantaloons have more loyal customers than competitors
 Establish Operational definitions of the RQs

Define / Develop or establish a set of rules in order to

establish the meaning of such words

RQ:
Eg. Does the youth of India prefer online chats over
watching movies?

Describe which age group constitutes Youth?

Eg. Measure effectiveness of retraining program designed

for young men
Describe effectiveness & retarining?
 Research Problem 1 :

MEARSURE IMPACT OF MICRO FINANCE

ON IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE

Research Problem 2 :

TO FIND OUT EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLOIM ON FAMILY