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V Since WWII
V Many infectious diseases remain at
a higher level than the rest of the
Canadian population
V New emerging infections are a
threat
V HIV/Aids
V Shift to chronic, non-communicable
diseases
V Epidemic of injuries, unintentional
and intentional
 M
   
V uberculosis
3 1997-2000 Average incidence rate Non Aboriginal-
1.4/100,000
3 First Nations-37/100,000
3 Inuit-62/100,000
V Gastro-enteritis
3 Community infrastructure, water supply, sanitation
3 Encouraging breast feeding
V ransfer of protective anti-bodies
V Pneumonia
V Meningitis
(Public Health Agency of
Canada, 2004 & Waldram,
2006)
 O 
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V ºrban areas are problematic due to social
circumstances
3 Sex trade and drug abuse
V Solid statistical data is lacking on provincial or
national level
V Aids
V 1.3% of all cases in 1991, 13% in 2002
V More female cases and intravenous drug users

V Study of 11 reserves in Ontario

3 Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors
3 40% of men & 20% of women reported having multiple
sexual partners.
3 1% intravenous drug use
3 80% reported unprotected sexual intercourse
V *local K,A,B vary greatly across geographical location
 |

V Compared to the Canadian population cancer is less of a problem
for Aboriginal peoples
V Most common forms of cancer in Aboriginal peoples
3 Lung
3 Breast
3 Colon
3 Cervix-increasing trend

V Detection and Screening

V BC Pap smear registry shows lower coverage among Aboriginal
women
V Manitoba females at higher risk for cervical cancer but less
likely to have pap in last year

V In interviews with BC Cancer Agency researchers Aboriginal

women were not comfortable talking about Pap Smears, even
among friends and family.
V Embarrassment and discomfort, particularly among male
physicians
V Cultural factors need to be taken into consideration
in screening and detection programs
 |

 
V Compared to the Canadian
population Aboriginal peoples have
higher rates of:    
 



  
V CVD     

   
 
V Hypertension 
 



V Blood lipids
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V Injuries account for 25% of all Aboriginal
peoples deaths compared to 10% in the
Canadian population
V In the 90¶s vehicle accidents were the highest
ranking of injury deaths (24%), then accidental
poisoning (20%) then sucide (20%)


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