Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
David Kroenke
Data Communications and Internet Technology
Chapter 5
1
Learning Objectives
2
Fundamental Networking Concepts
3
Figure 5-1 Major Network Types
4
Figure 5-2 Example Networks
5
Figure 5-6 Local Area Network
6
Fundamental Networking Concepts (Continued)
7
Figure 5-3 Example of a Grocery Store Protocol
8
Communications Protocols
11
Layer 5
The Web and the Internet are not the same thing.
The Web, which is a subset of the Internet, consists of sites
and users that process the HTTP protocol.
The Internet is the communications structure that supports
all application-layer protocols, including HTTP, SMTP, and
other protocols. 12
Layer 5 (Continued)
13
Layer 4
14
Layer 4
15
Layer 3
16
Layers 1 and 2
17
Figure 5-5 TCP/IP-OSI on Your Computer
18
Switches and Routers
19
Local Area Networks
20
Local Area Networks (Continued)
21
Wide Area Networks
A wide area network (WAN) connects computers
located at physically separated sites.
A company with offices in Detroit and Atlanta must use a
WAN to connect the computers together.
Because the sites are physically separated, the company
cannot string wire from one site to another.
22
Connecting the Personal Computer to an ISP:
Modems
Home computers and those of small businesses are
commonly connected to an ISP in one of three ways:
Using a regular telephone line
Using a special telephone line called a DSL line
23
Dial-Up Modems
24
Network Addresses: MAC and IP
On most networks, and on every internet, two address
schemes identify computers and other devices.
Programs that implement Layer 2 protocols use physical
addresses, or MAC addresses.
Programs that implement Layer 3, 4, and 5 protocols use
logical addresses, or IP addresses.
26
Using TCP/IP-OSI Protocols over the Internet
Network Address Translation
For Internet traffic, only public IP addresses can be used.
These addresses are assigned in blocks to large
companies and organizations like ISPs.
All Internet traffic aimed at any computer within an
organization's LAN will be sent over the Internet using the
router’s IP public address for the given computer.
The router will receive all packets for all computers for the
organization’s computers.
When the router receives a packet, it determines the
internal IP address within the LAN for that computer.
It then changes the address in the packet from the
router’s IP public address to the internal IP address of a
computer in the organization's LAN, the packet’s true
destination.
27
Summary Questions
28