All/Every

•Every flower in the garden is beautiful

Every + singular, countable nouns.

•All the flowers in the garden are beautiful.

All + countable nouns in plural and

uncountable nouns in the singular

•Everybody had a good time (each and every one of them)

•I said hello to everyone
However, if all is followed by a relative clause,
it can mean everything.

•All (that) I own is yours

•I spend all (that) I earn.
•My uncle left me everything in his will
•My uncle left me everything/ all he owned.

This structure can have a negative meaning, expressing

ideas such as nothing more or only this.

• All I want is a place to sleep.

•All you need is love.
 DURING vs FOR

WHEN? HOW LONG?

It refers to the moment It refers to the
when something happens duration.

There was a storm during the night. It rained for 3 hours.

He was in London for two weeks during the summer
 Verb + object + to +infinitive
(not) to +
subject verb object
infinitive

Marco’s mother ordered him to get into the car.

Elena told the children not to touch the glasses

With this structure, you are getting other people

to do something for you.

Edward wants to eat now 

Edward wants us to eat now.
 Examples
•I told you not to play with your food!

•We need him to help

•I would like you to arrive on time

•We advised him to visit the caves.

•She asked us to come at 9 o’clock

•He reminded me to get some petrol

•They warned us to be careful.

 Another, other or others
ANOTHER (adjective) + singular noun = an additional one

•I will tell you another day

•Can I have another coffee?

OTHER (adjective) + plural noun = different ones

At weekends I go jogging, the other days I swim

OTHER (adjective) + singular noun = a different one

I saw Peter the other day

OTHERS (plural pronoun)

•Some people like it others don’t.
•If you want I’ll tell the others
To speak IN GENERAL we don’t use the article

•Women generally live longer than men

•I love fruit and vegetables

•Mobiles are really useful

ALSO POSSIBLE
The mobile phone is a great invention

A mobile phone is essential nowadays

 LIKE VS AS
When LIKE is used as a preposition, it is always followed by a noun.
It means similar to/the same as/for example.

•What’s the hotel room like?

•They have so many animals. Their house is like a zoo.

•She looks like her mother.

•I saw a lot of places in London like Big Ben, the London Eye and Westminster Abbey.

•‘You’re stupid.’ ‘Why do you say things like that?’

•‘What star sign are you?’ ‘I’m Gemini like you.’

AS can also be used as a preposition followed by a noun. It expresses the job, the
function or use of a person or a thing.

• She went to a party dressed as a nun.

•She worked as a waitress when she was at university

•They use this apartment as a summer residence.

•When AS is used as a conjunction, it is followed by a subject or a verb.

•Do as I say and sit down.

•Don’t eat and speak at the same time, as my mother used to say.

•As you know, we’re leaving tomorrow at 10.00.

•We also use AS in comparisons.

•My daughter is as tall as me..

•She works in the same office as me.

 TO INDICATE PURPOSE
You use this knife for cutting bread. (GENERAL USE)

I need something to cut this piece of bread, can you pass the knife?
(SPECIFIC PURPOSE)
 HAVE/HAVE GOT
Have and have got are both used for possession.
Have got refers to the present and to all time,
even though it looks like the present perfect.

•I’ve got two sisters. I have two sisters.

•She ‘s got blond hair. She has blond hair.

There are two forms for the question, the negative and the
short answer.
•Have you got any money? Yes, I have.
•Do you have any money?. Yes, I do.
•He hasn’t got a dog.
•He doesn’t have a dog.
In all other tenses and verb forms we use have, not have got.

•I had a bike when I was ten

•I didn’t have a car until I was twenty-five.
•I’ve had a headache all morning.
•I’ll have a steak ,please.
•I love having a dog.
•I’d like to have another dog.

Have and not have got is used for many actions and experiences.

•Have breakfast/ a cup of tea/a cigarette/ a break/dinner

•Have a bath/a shower/ a shave/ a rest
•Have a swim/ a good time/ a party/ a holiday
•Have a chat/ a row/ a bad dream
•Have a look at something/ a word with someone

Have got is more informal. We use it more in spoken English.

We use have more in written English.