c


Prepared By: Ahmed Osama Khattab

Supervised By: Dr. Abdel Wahab El
El--
Ghandour
ë



ën architecture a corbel (or console) is a piece of stone
jutting out of a wall to carry any weight. A piece of
timber projecting in the same way was called a
"tassel" or a "bragger".
The technique of corbelling, where rows of corbels
deeply keyed inside a wall support a projecting wall
or parapet
ë



ë



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`




 
_ sed mainly to carry precast concrete members
(design in BS is described under the precast
concrete section)

_ Supporting steel sections

_
orming real hinges when necessary

_ To provide support for members slightly off the

columns (e.g. Our Building)
à 

_ Differs from cantilever due to high depth to length
ratio

_ Behaves more like a two dimensional element

than a linear element

_ Shear cracks are steeper (assumed along the

column face)

_ an be demonstrated using the Strut and Tie

Model
`





 
_ To analyse the two dimensional behaviour of a
corbel, a vertical slab supported from one side is
loaded under different conditions.

_ What straining actions are we interested in?

Max or
Min

Min,,
heck: show
max and
min as arrows
`





 
`






  
`







`






  
`






  








e will cover:

_ Traditional
² EP
² Aë
² BS

_ Strut and Tie

v 

 

Bearing
ailure or tension

failure may also occur
v 

 

Experimental and numerical cracks

v 

 

Experimental and numerical cracks

 
 ` 


v 

 


Traditional shear failure (cracks at 45o will not

occur), different mechanics will act, a different
theory will be applied to resist shear
` 

v


 

_ oncrete resistance to shear is completely
neglected

_ Shear resistance is provided only by friction

generated from bearing between the two faces

_ Steel required to generate the friction can be

used to resist flexure, but tension reinforcement
should be provided separately
` 

v


 

` 




c 


  

sually the governing constraint that determines

the final dimensions and is such that:

EP:

Aë:
` 




c 


  

sually the governing constraint that determines

the final dimensions and is such that:

BS: < 5 MPa

This value can be increased by 2(d/a) due to the

forced steep angle of shear failure, however
most designers prefer not to do this.
` 




c 


  

Mote: When comparing the above values to qmax we

find that they are generally larger

The value used for BS is qmax

` 




 



BS:

Half the reinforcement needed for flexure is placed as

horizontal closed stirrups, and distributed evenly
along the upper two-
two-thirds of the effective depth.
` 




 


Aë and EP:
Required total shear reinforcement is calculated as:

Aë drops the second term (more logic)

The reinforcement is then distributed as follows:

` 




 



2/3 of the Asf will be placed with the top main

reinforcement (tension reinforcement calculated
separately)

The remaining 1/3 will be placed as horizontal

stirrups along the upper (2
(2/3)d of the corbel
` 




 



However if Af is greater than 2/3 Asf then the BS

criteria will apply, or simply follow the following
table:
` 




 



To compare the [f values of EP and Aë:

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EP and Aë specify that a corbel must be
designed to carry a minimum normal tension
load equal to (0
(0.2Qu )that should be treated as a
live load.

BS specifies (0
(0.5Qu)
v!




EP procedure states that a corbel can be
simplified as a cantilever, Mus can be calculated
directly from the statical system and
reinforcement calculated using first principles,
R-r curves, or c1²j curves.

Mote: Af and An should be calculated separately

v!




Aë and BS use a simplified model of the strut and
tie model to design a corbel
v!




BS Designer handbook provides curves to avoid
trial ad error
v!




 
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EP:

Aë:

BS:
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EP:

Aë:

BS:
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omparing Results with BS and EP (solved on
paper)

 
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`





An imaginary truss of ´strutsµ and ´tiesµ forms
within the concrete body, joined by ´nodesµ

ëf a stable, safe truss can exist within the concrete

boundaries, the system is safe

Ties are basically the reinforcement steel under

tension

Struts are formed in the dimensions needed to

carry the loads
`





An imaginary truss of ´strutsµ and ´tiesµ forms
within the concrete body, joined by ´nodesµ

ëf a stable, safe truss can exist within the concrete

boundaries, the system is safe

Ties are basically the reinforcement steel under

tension

Struts are formed in the dimensions needed to

carry the loads
!! "

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Determining the Bearing Plate Dimensions
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Dimensions chosen for shear constraint and
satisfying corbel definition:
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 C:

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c

_ sually carried out after the construction to
increase the load capacity for new usage

_ Special technique needed for short cables