Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
( EEG )
Nidhin Thomas
Kartik Jain
“Electroencephalography (EEG)
is the recording of electrical activity
along the scalp produced by the
firing of neurons within the brain.”
History
1929: Hans Berger developed the
electroencephalography (=graphic
representation of the difference in
voltage between two different
cerebral locations plotted over time)
following the studies of Richard
Caton in non-human animal species.
Active electrodes:
Attached to the scalp
Reference electrode:
Mastoid, nose, ear lobe...
The EEG records
differences in voltage –
difference in electrical
potential from one
electrode to another!!
EEG in clinical diagnostics EEG in scientific research
Electrode Positioning system
EEG Electrodes
• ERPs
– “Electrical Potentials associated with specific
sensory, perceptual, cognitive, or motor
events”
• From EEG to ERP…
– Time-locked average of EEG from many trials
involving same ‘event’
– Signal/Noise Ratio reduction; what is left is
‘related to the event’
• EEG = 20-50v / ERP = 1-10 v
Electrical activity
at the onset of a
stimulus recorded
Average across
Trials &
Individuals
Collapsed to form
a “Grand
Average” Or
mean of means
Different types of brain waves in
normal EEG
Rhythm Frequency Amplitude Recording
(Hz) (uV) & Location
Cause:
Eyes opening (after closure)
Thinking by the subject (mathematical calculation)
Sound (clapping)
Eye opening
Alpha rhythm changes to beta on eye
opening (desynchronization / α- block)
Thinking
Hyperventilation
Decrease rate & increase in amplitude
Strengths and Advantages of EEG
Is a measure of brain
Provides some spatial
function; supplement
neuroimaging studies or localization
information
Provides direct rather
than indirect evidence Low cost
of epileptic
abnormality Low morbidity
Biological artifacts
Eye artifacts (including eyeball, ocular muscles and
eyelid)
ECG artifacts
EMG artifacts
Glossokinetic artifacts (minor tongue movements)
External artifacts
Movement by the patient
settling of the electrodes
Poor grounding of the EEG electrodes
the presence of an IV drip
Computerized EEG Machine
THANK YOU!!