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3. Discovery 10.Reference
any process in which energy emitted by one
body travels through a medium or through
space, ultimately to be absorbed by another
body.
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radiation with enough energy so that during an interaction with an
atom, it can remove tightly bound electrons from the orbit of an
atom, causing the atom to become charged or ionized.
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Alpha α
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Beta β
Charge/Nature Penetrating Power
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oNon-ionizing radiation is described as a series of energy waves
composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields travelling at
the speed of light.
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Neutron Radiation
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Light
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Black-body radiation
Black-body radiation is light in thermal equilibrium
with a black body, light radiation with a given
temperature.
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Wilhelm Röntgen is credited with the discovery of X-Rays. When
experimenting with a vacuum and a Crooke's tube, he noticed a
phosphorescence on a nearby plate of coated glass. While working with
various isotopes of hydrogen, namely tritium he found a drastic change in
photonic emissions when measuring electrical charges in a vacuum.
When he took pictures of the tritium, he found that the state of one solid
piece would deteriorate quickly. In one month, he discovered the main
properties of X-rays that we understand to this day.
Henri Becquerel found that uranium salts caused fogging of an
unexposed photographic plate, and Marie Curie discovered that only
certain elements gave off these rays of energy. She named this behavior
radioactivity.
In December 1899, Marie Curie and Pierre Curie discovered radium in
pitchblende. This new element was two million times more radioactive
than uranium, as described by Marie.
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What is a nuclear bomb or device?
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How likely is someone to die from
exposure to radiation?
The survival rate depends on the radiation dose; the higher the
dose, the more likely a person is to die. For those who do survive,
full recovery may take from a few weeks to years.
People are more likely to die from ARS when the amount of
radiation is high. Most people who do not recover from ARS will
die within several months of exposure. The cause of death in most
cases is the destruction of the person's bone marrow, which results
in infections and internal bleeding. For the survivors, the recovery
process may last from several weeks up to two years.
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What is the treatment for radiation?
Prevention of illness after exposure: Potassium iodide (KI) is used for
individuals who are exposed to radioactive iodine (such as from fallout from
a nuclear power plant). It decreases the chance of getting thyroid cancer. The
local health department will give out potassium iodide, usually in pill form,
to be taken at home.
Treatment of illness: People who have been exposed to large amounts of
radiation because of a “dirty” bomb, nuclear bomb or a nuclear power facility
explosion may need to seek medical treatment. Health care providers will
decide what course of treatment, if any, is needed. Supportive care
(intravenous fluids, medicine to control fever and pain, and monitoring of
blood tests) also is standard treatment.
•Increase the shielding between you and the radiation source. Shielding is
anything that creates a barrier between people and the radiation source .
Depending on the type of radiation, the shielding can range from something as
thin as a plate of window glass or as thick as several feet of concrete.
•People who live near but not in the immediate area of a radiation event may
be asked to stay home and take shelter. This action is called “sheltering in
place.” Staying in your home may actually be safer and may protect you from
exposure to the radiation outside.
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Acute radiation syndrome (ARS): Immediate symptoms of ARS are
People exposed to radiation will get nausea, vomiting.
ARS only if— Later effects may include the following:
oThe radiation dose is high (doses
from chest X-rays are too low to loss of appetite
cause ARS; however, doses from loss of energy
radiation therapy to treat cancer may Fever
be high enough to cause some ARS nausea
symptoms); vomiting
oThe person is exposed to the seizures
radiation in a short time period, possible coma
usually within minutes; destruction of bone marrow
oThe radiation is penetrating (able to internal bleeding
reach internal organs); and
oThe person's entire body, or most of
it, received the dose.
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REFERENCE:
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.astrnomynotes.com/light/s3.htmo
http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/about/what_is_ir/e
n/index2.html
http://www.idph.state.il.us/Bioterrorism/factsheets/
radiation.htm
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THE END..