Starting and Reversing Air Start ValveTHE MAN B&W AIR START VALVE ‘The valve is fitted into the cylinder head. It is opened by control air from the starting air distributor, ‘The valve shown is from a slow speed MAN-B&:W two stroke engine but a lot of modem. engines have valves working on similar prineiples and design. ‘Materials The body of the valve could be of mild stecl, the spindle of high tensile or stainless steel. and the valve and seat could have the contact faces stellited or hardened How it worl:s Main starting air at about 30 bar from the manifold enters the chamber above the valve wia the circumferential ports in the valve body. ‘The air pressure will not open the valve because a spring is holding the valve shut, an the area of the balance piston is the same as that of the valve lid so the valve is pneumatically balanced. ‘When the valve is required to open, air at 30 bar from the air start distributor enters the the top of the valve body and acts on a piston, This force overcomes the spring force holding the valve shut, and the valve opens. When the air signal from the air start distributor is vented, the spring closes the valve ‘When the start sequence is finished the main air start pressure is vented through holes in the main _start air manifoldSpams ‘THE SULZER RTA AIR START VALVE ‘The Sulzer air start valve uses air on both sides of the operating piston to maintain i i oe positive closing. ‘The piston is stepped. The reason for the te ve the tartan ety valve Salinct ofa pleats act peavenenaure’ tnt havegtnder i Liter there thy staring a synty vate suze 00 Precrure; te when he oplinder @ Bing, Once the valve sorte to open then te SEE Spening iz accelerated when the larger disimeier piston bras the opening a acting on & ‘The stepped piston also means that closing of the valve ie demmped as aie gets wapped t inthe crater space formed when the smaller diamster piston enters the upper pets ths cylinaer 2A ‘The air to opernte the valve comes Eom the main sir start supply, The distributor pilot si operaier the paswnatie change over valve‘MALNTENANCE “After certain periods of service starting ar valves are changed anc overhauled. IF piston sings are fined, cars must be taken 19 ensure that hey are fiee in their grooves. Should it be necessary to St new rings, the buts clearances of the rings rust be carefully checked by placing the rg into the operatag cyinder and measuring the clearance. This is especialy imporant they are usvally made of brass which hae a larger coctfcient of sspansion than the other parts of the valve, The valve and valve ceat ars ground ‘wil grinding paste aad finshed ro a fine satace orth lapping paste. Ir is essential to enstze that all parts of the valve ave scrupulously clean before reassembly. Lubricate all skding suafaces sparingly with x molybdenum disulphide erease Ihe engine is reqnited ro roverse whilst there is stil wey wn the stip, the engine will be driven by the propeller, and it may be @ ‘while before i comes to a halt, and is thos able to startin the reverse direction, ‘To speed up the process, staring ai is adated Sho the engine ie sul ued choad ahough the start air distsbutor will have boon tetined ro acai sis for raverse mining Because of this, cata ax Dows into the opindor half way Up the compreesion evoke, Towards the end of the compression sake [ao ation, {Nel ijecton eur oll by the hang dacetion cur out), comprocsed a, (ai apresture Which hag merewed above thal af the sects ais), then Howe thrcugh the staring air valve, ouch iv etl boing held open, inte she starting sur dietnbution cape. I te Haring ar valve ie then closed. there wal bo love ay wittun the cylinder than at the bogioniqg, In thas way, considerably Leer Sxpancion work ic done tion For compression, ie the engune ic braked. The engine unl comme to a tlandetl and Wen stact to Mra the opposite direction, ance the control elemerts are set for thie Leakage of a tarting ar valve sc usually caured by shgaizh valve action preventing Fact closure of the valve, or by cit or foreign particles iret the tating air tapply lodging on the vaive reat sud so preventing the waive from closing fly. Stugaieh valve action, uy be caured by ity pistont of valve spindle guides and the Lin Ia newsy overhauled valver shigaich valve aehon may be Caused by parts Btted woh inadequate clearances “When an engine is io operation leakage of staring at valves i shown by overheating of the branch pipe connecsia the starting ae valve to the Harting aur fail ‘The heating oecurt dae to the leakage of hot gaze om the enaine eyinder ato the sarang, a be Eonmectes to the saving af sal Dust periods of mandeusting the teraperanire of each supply pape torn the air tilt che stars bi waive should be checleed by fesing the pope ag clase ts te valve az possible ‘The fuel pump should be Mited Giel rack zerosd, punchare valve operaied or whatever) on the aflected unit and the bride informed "The load should be kepo as a mation, a6 02s Ut now out of operation As Goom ag eafe to do go, the enae shodStarting and Reversing Sulzer Automatic Valve “With the engine ckut down, the valve cpindle ic corewed up into the closed position, holding the valve closed agamst the seat ‘Wikea the engine is prepared for staning, the valve spindle is moved to the automatic positon, The spring holds the valve shut ‘When the start ait isolator at the ais receivers is opened, air enters the valve body and ows to the undercide of the valve chrough the balancing bores. The air prestuce on the sunderside ofthe valve prevents the valve opening, ‘Wikea an air start signal i given, the control valve opens and the epace under the valye is verted. The ar pressure acting on the top surfaces of the valve overcomes the spring force and the walve opens. ‘The valve can be tected by opening the test valve. In an emergency it can be mamally operated The valve outlet incorporates a non retum valve. A pressure gauge connection and a manual venting valve are fitted to the valve bedy (not shown)Starting and Reversing Sulzer Air Start Distributor 4 a ‘When an ahead start signal is given, air at 30 bar enters the space above the servometor piston, and passes through the start ct off valve to actuate the pneumatic valve, which allows aie fom the er start maniold to the pilot valves. The air pushes the plot valves against the cam, and when each pit vaive is on the base of the cam, air can pass through to operate the mein air tart valve As the cam pustes the plot valve into the closed postion, the ine to the main ai start valve is vented “The ar stat dstributcr is driven from the main camshaft. The pilot valves, one for each cylinder, are arranged radially around a cam profile. When ant in use, the pot valve folowrers are held ofthe cam by springs neasentesips go) x i anClose wp of air start distribuior ‘The Starting air disubutor can be seem at the tp ofthe picture above ‘he Local wansewvering stand. Itis driven vm a vertical shai via spur ears from the camshaft,Starting and Reversing MAN B&W Air Start Distributor ‘The larger MC engines ise a radial air start dictsbutor operated by two came fised on the ond of the camshaft The pilct valros, arranced radially in a housing, are either pushed by the pilot air onto the inner cam profile when starting ahead, or onto the outer profile when stating aterm, When no} in use, a spring holds the pilot valve follower clear of both profes, thus reducing wear For a more desaled explanation of how the pot valves work, CLICK, HERE (Thusra ie ox toe waive Bor enh st react rave‘Buk piles vain fhas 3 inlot porce end ons ouilet port When the engine io Fnnifeld i led to the snide inlet port The air const pars through the pilot valve at this point because ‘he port os shur off by the opersting piston on the valve zkdeIE the ongine ic required to start ahead thea contral air at 30 bar from the air start manfold is led to the top port. This acte on the top of the operating piston of tho valve elude snd forces the valve slide down onto tho inner cam proBile. Ac the tide moves downwards to adit pilot air to the air start valve, the top port je dloced off and the main pilot air now acto on top of the actwating piston. AAs at deo this, he pilot ais pasces through the feuit port fo actuate the air start valvo in the cyknder, AmtGoaes lot Air (208°) Feltrom nin oaBan) J—Piot air 20080) |As the cam profile moves the valve lide upwards, the piston on the operating side clezes off the pilot air aad ait to the at start valve is vented through the contre of the valve slide For astm operation the action i similar, but this time the conteel air enters through the lower portStarting and Reversing MAN B&W Radial Air Start Distributor BROEEARE © 2003RARTmarinediesels.co.uk ‘This ciseibutor ic used on the tid sized range of MIC ensines (600 & 700mm bores). The starting ar cstibutor is mounted on the aft end of the engine and is driven dectly Sora the afl end ofthe camshaft. I consists of a set of cams which ean be moved axially by means of a pneumake servomotor so that ether an ahead or astemn profile is lined up with the plot valves wach are atranged. sither side of the came in valve blocks. ‘When a start signal i recsived, the srarting air distibutor is pressurized and the spring-loaded disuibutcr valve sides axe forced towards the cams because of the differenes in diarceters ‘Those valve cides which are resting on the lowect section of the came allow pilot air to pace through the bores inthe starting air— Gatributor to the chaanbers above the operaing pistons n the stating valvee, which wil open, allowing ai ino the eylncers‘The engine will now rotate on starting ait ‘Whea FUEL is ordered, the cr stat sigral is verted, and no fixther starting valves wll open. Those distributor slide valves which already rest on the lowest section of the cams are kept down on account of the air trapped between the diferent diameters. This allows those starting valves which are already open to Saish their operation ‘Whea the coms lt the dstibvtcrshde valves a the end ofthe starting period, the pot valve assembly vest.Starting and Reversing Sulzer Air Start SystemUhatrated is @ Sucer RTA Air Start System. These do vary cepening onthe tpe of engin, 0 you've had experience of oe, # right be sighly diferent tothe one Ubstated here Stant at the air recetver and open the valves. Air at 30 bar dows to the automatic velve which is in the automatic position air Dows ‘via the tuming gear interlock to the control valves for engne starting, If the turnmg gear is engaged, then the control air won't get past ihe interlock ‘The captan wants to start the engine ahead. As he moves his litle lever on the bridge, an electrical signal operates the start solenoid valve and the ahead solenoid valve. This alows contol air to open the respective pneumatic conttel valves. Air flows to the control valve on the automatic valve allowing air under the piston to went and thus open the valve, Main stat air then ows throush the non retum valve to the air start manold, At the same tine ar from the direction control valve flows to the air start distbutor. This moves the distributor servo piston into the ahead position, flows through the start cut off valve and operates the control valve to allow air from the ar start manifold to operate the pilot valves Dictated by the distributor cama, air flows from the pilot vaives in sequence to the control valves for the individual air start valves mounted nthe engine cylinder. Afra set period of time (10 seconds), o wen the enghne has reached fring revs (whichever somes fs), the start aie cut of aad the governor pts felon th engine,pac]Starting and Reversing MAN B&W K90 Air Start System © 2003 RART marin. josols.co.uk Pot contrat MAN B&W K90MC ENGINE STARTING SYSTEM (Simplified)‘The system shown shows the valves in positon whist an ahead start is in progress. "There are two control levers (nat shown); a stop-stert-raa lever andl an aheadiastem lever. Valve 1, the stop signal solenoid valve is activated throughout the air start sequence. This operates valve 5, which in tumn operates valve 8 which puts an at signal on the fuel puno puncture valves, preventing high pressure fuel being pumped to the injectors. It also sends an air signal to operate valve 13 which will allow 30 bar control air as far as valves 12 and 14 when valve 16 is operated The direction lever in the control room is aot to AHEAD. This activates solenoid valve 2 which sends a signal te operate valve 4 swhich will allow 30 bar control air to the cistibutor when valve 16 is operated Tt also operates valve 11 which allows air to the fuel oump cam follower serve motor, “When the lever is moved into the start position, it activates solenoid valve 4 This operates valve 6 which in mann operates valve 9 ‘This allows air to operate the automate valve, Should solenoid valve 15 be activated, then only the slow tuming valve will open. Valve 16 is also activated allowing 30 bar airto the start air distributor. ‘When the lever is moved to the run position, solenoid valves 1 and 4 are deactivated and vented. This causes valve 8 to vent, shouting the fuel pump puncture valve. Valve 13 also vents, as does valve 16, venting the air start distributor Valve 16 moves, across allowing contro! air to shut the automatic and slow tuning valves Points to Note + Valve §has @ 1 sevond delay timer fited. This lows the main staring valve to veman open, so as to supoly air fo those cylinders that are in the start position. + There is « manual cutoff valve Bited bebween the air start mzeifeld and valve 16 for atcnterence purposes The fel pump seversing serve motor i ited wih reli valves and restictors to damp cperation. Valve Tis verted by engnging ike turing gear. Tis prevents a start sequence taking pleceStartingandReversng ~ Sulzer ZA40 Air Start System ‘The Automatic Valve eee eee te ome wenue 000 — The pilot air a the back of the valve is acting on a greater area = than the main air wying to open the valve. This together with the spring force keeps the valve closed, When the pilot air is vented, the air acting on the Gont of the valve overcomes the spring pressure and the valve opens Arnon retam valve is incorporated ‘The Aur Stant Distributor ‘The distributor ie mounted om the end of the camachal. It can be of the radal or rotary type. The version Mlusirated 1 of the rotary type. A rotaiing ported contral disie allows pilot air in sequence to the start valves through radial clots in the housing A tenies of radial holes allows the plot air bo vent through a slot ‘nthe bacle of the eonrol dick,The Air Start Valve Being a Sulzer Engine, the start air valve is a complicated affair ‘Main stars air is led through drilings, via a control valve, so that air acts on both sides of a piston, maintaining the valve in pneumatic balance, whilst a spring keape the valve closed. Pilot air from the diszibutor moves the control valve downwards, shutting off ar to the underside of the piston which now vents. ‘The air acting on top of the pisten overcomes the spring force and the valve opensStarting and Reversing Sulzer RTA Reversing Servomotor ‘Sinplifed animation ofthe Sulzer reversing sexvemoler: (Oa the Sulzer RIA engine, the fuel pumps are mounted in pairs, The fuel ump cams are not fixed directly onto the camshaft but are mounted on a hhycraulic servomotor, which in tum is fixed to the camshatt‘The hyctaulic signal to the serromotor is controlled by the reversing valve, the principle of which is shown below. ‘ateoued meena aK LeverAbeadacen[REVERSING SERVOMOTOR PRINCIPLE sean setae PORTS ARE OPEN ALLOWING Olt SIGNAL SERVO MOTOR HAS NOW MOVED FROM is vo MSrOR Tae NOW Balen ‘TOOPERATE PNEUNATIC VALVE sit | itStarting and Reversing MAN B&W Reversing ‘The fuel purap com on the MAN B&W MC saries engine is designed to raise the plunger on the injection stroke aad then -kagp the plunger at the top ofa stroko while the Follower stays a the peale ofthe carn until just before the next delivery sirokce when the follower retuma to the bage citcle of the earn, and the fuel pump plunger moves down on is suction stroke ‘The animation on the lef shows the cam follower just begioning, so move up the slope ofthe cam wath the camshaft rotates in auislockwise direction. (oe. start Finjection) PRART 2001 TF the cngine direction ic reversed at this point, then air vil enter the pneumatic cylinder as shown and will move the piston to the vighs. The cam follower wil be moved across and would finish x the posttioa shown which weuld be ar the correct fuel punt timing for running astern Ut should be noted that the reversal of the follower only takes place while the engine is rotating, IFthe engine had been stopped from nanting ahead, and then statted astem, the Siel pimp followers would move across ae the engine starts to rotate, ane! before the fuel adwsttad by venting the fuel pump puncture valves Ir should be acted thar the reversal of the follower only takes place while the eagine is rotating, [>the enaine had been stooped from runing ahead, and then started aster, the fuel pump followers would move across o8 the engine starts to rozate, and before the fuel is admitted by venting the fuel pump puncture valves “A micro ewitch chown on the LHS detects whether the follower has moved across. IPact, an indicator light is lit in the control room, However the sagine wil stl start fa follower fils ta mve, perhaps due to corrosion in the servo evindoe A high exhanst temperature deviation alarm would operate win a short time. Allowing the engne to starbn ue shuabon could be useful during, manceuvring in confined watersStarting and Reversing Medium Speed Engine Reversing Most medaum speed enges are unidectonal (Le taey oly cota one wey) Tiss because they eer ate imag an altemtor, or because they are used as cect maim propulsion fey tend to be down a cocvllableptch propeler, Inthe case where the enue is reversng, then the camat has to sets of cam, one for abeal operation and one for aster, The fue! pug, let and sus vaves rust al be retrued for gate running © RART 2001 f | ‘To reverse the drechon of the enane, pressure ol 1 led to one se of a bydrante piston wtuch is coupled to the camstalt, The whcle camshat i moved anely and the com felowers side up or down ramps wach comect he ahead and aster cams,Starting and Reversing Air start Explosions Alc Start explosions occur diving a start sequence, when oil, which can accumulate inthe air stat rece'vers or on the surface oF the siatt air ines, becomes entrained with high pressure air in the ai start manifold ands ignited. The most infamous incident happened ‘onboard the Capetown Castle in 1960 which killed 7 mea, In 1999, a large container ship, bul in 1981 and fitted with « large bore two-stroke engine, suffered demage when the staring air smiandold wae blown apart by an intemal explosion. This occurred curing mancevvriag when berthing. Fortmately there were no casualties. Reference to Lloyds Register database has chown that thie was not an isolated incident ~ henueen 1987 and 1999, 11 incidents of explosions in air star: systems have been reportad and most have been attributable to unsaiisfactory shipboard practices by ships siaff, resubing in the presence of oil or explosive vapour inthe manifold, ‘The source of ignition for these explosions can be attributed to one of the following: + A leaking air ctart valve, Whilst the engine is running, the het gases produced ac the fuel burns in the cylinder (at above 120°C) leak: past a valve which has not re-ceated correctly. The branch pipe to the ar start manifold heats up to red heat TE the engine is stopped and restarted before the pipe has time to cool, aay oil vapour in the cir can be derited and aa explosion can recut fthe witure of clair is correct Fuel leaking ito the cylinder whist she engine is stopped. When the engine then undergoes a start sequence, and bulds up speed, the fel wtick has leaked irto the cylinder vaposises and the heat ftom the compression ofthe ain the cyinder, as che piston rises, igutes the fuel. When the air start valve opens asthe piston comes over TDC, the pressure inthe cyinder is higher than the ar stat presewre, aad the buming combustion gases pace to the air start wmaafol igniting the oll entraned in che air«A recent theory by ClasstK as conclided that the principal cause of explosions in starting ar raanifolds of marine engines is probably the auto igntion of oll deposited on the wmner surface of the maniold, not bacikire from cylinders as previously thought. Anto-jatition conditions occur because of the high temperanure generated by the rapid inflow of high-pressure ait, says the research, This incoming air compresses air downstream of the main staring valve, causing ts temporabae to reach as high as 400°C: which in some cases causes oil deposits in the manifold to sel-gnite leading to an explosion. ClassiTK has adapted its safety requircments for a starting system to account for the findings. Tznowr reqqures the fiting of rapture discs to the manifold on engines with a flame arrester in each branch pipe leading to the cylincers. This is beyond IAC'S unified requirements, which account for cylinder backfire as the cause of starting air maniold explosions. High eriperaure, righ pressure gases (about 409°C) [Room temperate atrosohere cases Room temperature high pressure gasesTo minimise the risk of explosions, the ol camy over ftom the compressor shoud be reduced to a minimum, Class regulations require that the air compressor's air intakes are located in an oll-fee atmosphere, and a drainfber for steroepting cifwater mist is fitted between compressor discharge and air receiver. There must be complete separation of compressor discharge and staring air supply te engines at the recewver whichis Stted wit a drain and a reef valve The air start system must be protected with @ non retura valve atthe stating ar supply to each engine. This is aocmally pat of the automatic valve which opens when aa air statis initiated In adeltion to this LACS require that: For direct reversing main engines >230 mm bore flame aresters or bursting discs are required for each cyinder fitted between the elinder ste air vave and the manifold For non-reversing and ausiary engines >230 mum bore a single lame ervester or bursting cis is acceptable ited at the supply inlet to the starting ar manifold Alhough not part of IACS regulations, a relief valve may be fited to the manifold where flame arrestors are used instead of bursting disc. Tasatisfactony practices which have led to explosicne ix the ir start eyctern iasivde: «© “Telltclesicrains’ at each end of the starting ir manifold found to have been blanked off with screwed plugs. « Falure to drain stating air receivers and starting air pipes at regular intervals or before manceuwing « Falure to check for leaking air start valves. «+ Faiure to maintain staring air valves and systems strictly in accordance with menfactuers recommended practices + Failure te maintain fuel valves correctly.COMPRESSORS AND AIR START SYSTEM WITH SAFETY DEVICES Distributor 4 Plat Valve per Cy! Air Start Valve Relief viv 1 per Cyl Intercooler Manifold Flame Roliet viv High Tomp cutout 2 Siage Start Air Comeressors with intercooler ©2005 RART marinediesels.co.ukSAFETY DEVICES Elarne Asrostors Tame Arresior MAN B&W LS8/64 Bursting Diskee Flame Arrestor Sulzer RTA ‘The flame trap is manufactured Hom bress or aiumintan alloy which both have a high specific hheat capacity. A number of holes are bored through the thiok circular form to allow the air to pass through. They are fited in the mein air tne itnmedkately before the air start wale to restrict the risk of a flame in the cyliacer propagating back to the mein air start manfold, by csipating the heat encegy in the lame. ‘The safety cap consists of a bursting disk enclosed bby a perforated cylndar and a perforated cover order to protect any bystanders, m the event of a ‘burst, The cower iz fitted with ' tell tale, hick shovre ithe bursting die has been damaged the bursting disc of the safety cap is damaged due to fexnessire pressure in the starting a line, overhant for replace the staat valve which caused the ‘burst, and mount anew disk IE a new disk is not available, or eannot be fitted immeciarely, then the cover can be mumed in relaion to the perforated cylinder, in order 10 reduce the leakage of staring airRelef Valve AR START Maso. REUEF LE The sketch shows a rai valve as Bed to the air start manfold of Sizer RTA. 2 strcke engines. Is purpose isto relieve excess preseue in the ar start renifbld Tt consists of a spring loaded valve dick: ‘which locates on a mating seat which is bolted to the end of the ai start manifold When the force exerted on the disk due to excessive pressure is greater than the spring force holdag the valve closed, the valve will openStarting and Reversing MAN B&W Local Control This dleseriction of a MAN BSW governed fuel rack system and change over to sagine side coutrel is based oa a modern KIEMC engine ‘The photo opposite shows an overall view of 1 loval control aration cna MAN B&W MC engine ‘The governor output shalt is linked to she emergency contro! change ower mechanism simated at the local comtral station Thder normal cperation the govemce output shaft operates the fel regulating shaft‘The link Grom the change over mechanism ie connected to the fel regulating shaft. The fuel ‘egulating shaft runs the lengta of ‘the maior’ throualt the beoring blocles es shown, “At each fuel pump a spring loaded lik ie Connected Yo the fat Pump rack operating rod, ‘Thus photo shows the rack operating rod (lower rod) and the ‘Variable Injection Timing Likage going snt= she fuel pune,In an emergency, for instance in the caze of a control or govemor faire, the engine can he changed te local control. The engine van then be stopped, started, reversed and the speed conlzolled frora the local contro! station The two pictures below show the Jayout of the conivol station. ee ar, ees Sd pent en ees eee ao he ce ‘To change the fuel control to local control, the Locking hook shown must be disengaged. The handwheel ig then rotated in fan aniclociewiee direction nhl the local control operating shaft fand ann cagage and operate the fel regulating shat. The governor is now disengaged and willne longer operate the foel regulating chat UE chsaging over when the engine i rwaning than the Local foel contro! must be matched to the engine speed befare change "To stast and stop the engine locally the safety locking pint must be removed and the local emote sleet lever moved to the ‘enerapncy nection: hi enue ran te shmted ped reverand Born the foral eontrel position to tlearapli eeders shown pn the local Conwel panel The operator is now the snaine governor. He cannot leave the control station anc nouet pay eloce eteention to the engine revolutions wich he now conals wih the hand control wheelStarting and Reversing MAN B&W L58-64 Air Start System To be able to understond the Gagrams it is aacestary to understand how the peeumatic ayrabols "work" For those students nofhauliae vith them, she flowing explanation should hele. Shown opposite i a basic pucumnicaly operated. ul spring return 3/2 valve (3 ports, 2 positions). Its normal Postion io shown, which as cave io oth the a to HOSENMec,amroenccess ly anvorngeeas oe procete shut and the provecy vented When the porate stale eppaee, the whek weve moved 5 ddbwavratde and the a can dew though the porte 0 = the process “A.page ofbarie nneuruatic sumbols ean be found hete hite:dformw. rosacontals, cornfavenbols2 he coy >La-Fellle & eo | maser igh ! |g!MAN B&W L58/64 (L48/60) Start Air System (Simplified) Condition: Air On But Starting Signal Not Applied ‘Wt refzrence to the ciagram above: The isolating valve tom the a receiver is open. Air at 30 bar ows to the automatic valve (4) whichis closed. Air also Bows to control valve (2) which s also closed, As long as the taming gear is out, a can also ow to the start contvol vave (1) Pit Vale (prey) (©2005 RART matress co.uk Air Recover Gover Loca Hand So San Signal—---a----nn! SAMAN B&W L5s/64 (L48/60) Start Air System (Simpl ‘Conaition: Air On, Starting Signal Applica When a start signal is applied so the conirel valye (1) an air signal operaies control valve (2). The air ean now flow to the pilot values, to control valve (3) which vents the automate valve (4) which now opens allowing air ta How to the ar start valves mounted in the oylnder head. Air wil alco fow to the governer booster servo, pulling the fasl purap conirol ikkage to the zero position 26 that ne fuel i injected whale start care adeutted to the cylinders When the pilot valve car se im the correct pasition (¢2 ff the piston comes over TDC on the power strolce), air dows throwgh the pat valve te the operanag piston of the air starz valve opening the valve and allourng the comprerced air into the cyjinder Forcing the piston down and tarang the craniezhaft Tat before the exhaust valve opens, the plot valve will voat, aad the aur start valve wil close. By shis teas ancther air stat valve wil be open. allowing the engine to accelerate to firing speed, at which valve (1) will vens, control valve ©) will ven, the automatic valve (@) will shut and the governor wail operate the fel rack to allow fuel to be injected inte the cylinders, "The emergency stop shovm is independent of the governse stop signal. It can be operated by hend or er the engine shut down system (overspeed ete). I epersted, an a sigal opens a valve allowing compressed air to servo cylinders ar the back ef the fel urnps which zero the fuel racks. ‘THE AIP START EILOT VALVE The L58164 (LAG/60, LAO/S4) aad the V versions of the engine: do not have an far start distributor to open the air start valves m sequence, Inetoad each eykadar daas a pilot valve and sn operating cam mounted oa the main camshaft (eee phot) (© 2005 RART marinodiosoe.couk(©2005 RART marinediesals.co.uk The: start sequence is underway. Pilot air flows through bores in the shunte vere phuager snd escapes through the cube pipe, Due to the diference in ac pressure the shutie vale planger io in the lower potion and the ai car valve operating cylinder is vented © 2005 RART marinediasela.co.uk As the cam pars the exit From the pulse pipe is restricted by the cam profile. The pressure under the shunle valve planger nereases and due to the difereace ix areas the pluager now lifs allowing plot far to operate the air start vaive. © 2005 RART marinediesels.co.uk At the end of the opening angle for the ais stant valve, the underside of the stutte valve plager is veared through the pulse pipe and the valve closes allowing the ar start valve pilet air to vent.