19 April 2011

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Principles of Electrolysis in
Aqueous Solution

Nurhasanudin
3334081633

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 Outline
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1. Preface
2. Electrochemistry of Aqueous Solution
3. The Possibilities of Reaction in Anode and Cathode
4. Predicting The Product of Electrolysis in Aqueous
Solution
5. Hydrogen Evolution During Electrolysis in Aqueous
Solution
6. Anodic and Cathodic Reaction During Electrowinning
and Electrorefining in Aqueous Solution
7. Refference

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Preface

Aqueous
Solution
Electrolysis
Fused Salt

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Type of Aqueous Solition Electrolyte

Acid
Basic
Salt

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Example NaCl

 Fused salt  Aqueous solution

When heat NaCl till it Whereas if NaCl is
melts temperatur, then dissolved in water, gives
we will get molten Nacl, the aqueous solution of
is called fused salt of sodium chloride
sodium chloride  NaCl Na+ + Cl-
 NaCl Na+ + Cl-  H2O H+ + OH-

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Electrochemistry of Aqueous Solution

 The total electromotive force of a cell may be regarded as

consisting of a cathodid and an anodic potential. Thus for a cell :
X/X-, A+/A
The two half cell corespond to the reaction :
A+ + e- = A and X- = X + e-
The first of these may be called reduction the second an
oxidation
The total emf as different between two reduction potential
E = E A+/A - EX/X-

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 The half cell potential may again be expressed in term of
standard half-cell potential in the electrolyte

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Possibilities of reaction in anode and
cathode
 Anode  Cathode
4OH- 2H2O + O2 + 4e- 2H+ + 2e- H2
 
X- X + e- A+ + e- A

here there is choice of hydroxide or here each two hydrogen ion can
gains two electron and become
other negative ion will be discharge
hydrogen atom, also occur to the
to anode
other positif ion but only one will be
selected

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Predicting The Product of Electrolysis in
Aqueous Solution

There is three factor to be discharged

1. Reactivity series
2. Concentration of solution
3. The kind of electrode used

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Hydrogen Evolution During Electrolysis of Aqueous Solution

 Hydrogen ions are always present in aqueous electrolyte

 And lowering the current efficiency at the cathode

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The following need to know about hydrogen evolution

1. The equilibrium single electrode potential of the metal and

hydrogen
2. The η-i relationship for the discharge of metal as well as
hydrogen at the cathode

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The Polarisation curve

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Tabel of Reduction Potentials

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 Anodic and Chatodic Reaction During Electrowinning
And Electrorefining in Aqueous Solution

 In aqueous solution electrolysis the anode is generally made

of an inert lead based alloy (usually Pb, Sb, As). The anodic
reaction in acidic and alkaline aqueous solution may be
written as follows.

 Acidic solution 2H2O = O2 + 4H+ + e- , Eo = - 1,23

 Alkaline solution 4OH- =2H2O + O2 + 4e-, Eo =-0,40V

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Revisi : the reaction in cathode during electrosysis that couse the
solution around the cathode become more alkaline

 Cathodic reaction
 2H+ + 2e- H2
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 in the cathodic raction, the hydrogen ion migrate toward the cathode and combine
with electron and form the hydrogen gas, and since the water disociated into ion
hydrogen and hydroxide, and at the cathode the hydrogen ion combine with
electron and leave the hydroxide behind, hence the solution around cathode
became alkaline.
REFFERENCES

 Rosenqvist. Principles of Extractive Metallury, McGraw Hill Kogakusha Ltd.,

Tokyo, 2nd ed., 1983.
 Ray&Ghosh. Principles of Extractive Metallury,
2nd ed.1991
 http://myadvocator.com/chemistry/quick-revision-series/electrolysis-of-aqueous-
solution/

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