Six Sigma

Where it Why it Who uses

What it is
came from works it
 Ú


÷ gt is a methodology for minimizing
mistakes and maximizing value.
÷ Reduces waste and cost
÷ Customers are more satisfied
÷ Optimal utilization of resources
÷ Saves time
All in all it is selecting the right people to drive and lead systematic
improvement in a prescribed, disciplined, measurable and
repeatable manner
 Ú



 
÷ Pormulized in mid 1980s at Motorola
÷ Combination of basic principles and stats
÷ Building blocks were leadership and
business principles
÷ Results were astounding

rocess
design
1. Customer /Redesign
Continuous
Analysis of
focus gmproveme
variance
nt
2. Data and fact
3.
rocess focus
4.
roactive Statistical
management
5. Boundryless

rocess
Control a Balanced
score card

collaboration
a. Drive for
perfection
rocess Voice of
management customers
Design of
experiments
 Ú 
1. Sigma is the standard deviation
2. Consider performance in terms of the
hundreds and often in thousands of separate
characteristics in a
product, service, transaction, process or
system.
3. No matter what is the performance level in
the short term it will erode over the long
term
 

 





Cost reduction
100
90
80
70
a0
50
40 Quality Yield
gnventory Turnover 30
gncrease est in Class
20
10
0 World Class
aSigma

responsiveness Lead
Plexibility Model
time Decrease
 Ú 

2700 ppm outside 3 limits

3 +3
0

2 ppb outside limits

a +a

3 +3
 gn control
High Capability

Time

gn control
Capable

gn control
LSL USL Not Capable
 
 


÷ D
MO (Defects per Million Opportunity)

÷ Pormula to calculate D
MO

÷ 3.4 D
MO is the objective of asigma

Z value at +a is 0.99999999901
After Shift of curve by +1.5
There is 4.5 in the limits, thus the Z value at 4.5 is 0.99999aa
1Z value at 4.5  0.0000034 (3.4x10a) Normalized to 1 million it is 3.4D
MO
Mean
Defects

LSL USL

8 7 a 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 a 7 8
Specified Width
 Define Measure Analyze gmprove Control

Ȉ The Ȉ Current Ȉ Cause and Ȉ DOE Ȉ Check

problem process effect Ȉ
oka yoke deviations
Ȉ The Ȉ Relevant relations Ȉ Corrective
project data Ȉ Root measures
goals cause

Define Measure Analyze Design Verify

Ȉ The goals Ȉ Critical to Ȉ Evaluate Ȉ Optimize Ȉ
ilot runs

consistent quality the design the design Ȉ gmplement
to Ȉ Risks to select Ȉ
lan for
customerǯs the best verification
demand one
 Œ
  
The Company That
referred Six Sigma
 

÷ gmplemented Six Sigma in its very DNA.
÷ Every good / service uses six sigma.
÷ Now it has become a way of GE working.


÷ üack Welch launched six sigma at GE in
üan,199a.
÷ 1998/99  Green Belt exam certification
became the criteria for management
promotions
÷ 2002/03  Black Belt certification became
the criteria for promotion to management
roles

 


Œ


   
  

  

  

Œ
    
  x



 
      





  


 

LSL USL






  ȈȈȈȈȈ
Ȉ
  ȈȈȈȈȈ ȈȈȈȈȈ
 

  ȈȈȈȈȈȈȈȈȈ


 ȈȈ
 
  u
  


îî
î
î

î î

î

î
î

î î
    
 

  
     

 
 

 

 
 
Ú  Ú!Œ
Œ
÷ Helps to detect the defects in the process.
÷ Piguring out systematically those defects.
÷ Gets close to DzZero Defectsdz.
u

J