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ã The paper deals with the problem regarding measurement
reliability .
ã Efficiency of metrological self-check methods in comparison
with conventional methods of metrological maintenance is
shown
ã Evolution of artificial intelligent sensor in metrological self-
check systems for increasing metrological assurance.
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O
㠏easurement reliability is particularly important parameter
in the fields as nuclear power engineering, cosmonautics,
aviation.
ã The number of measuring instruments embedded in the
equipment increases from year to year and same way the
accident rate.
ã However, the method applied to check their serviceability in
the process of operation as many years ago is periodical
calibration, done at intervals of 1 ² 2 years. By which its
error under operating conditions lies within the specified
limits.
ã But the conventional methods of the metrological
serviceability control are inefficient.
ã It is necessary to control their metrological serviceability
automatically directly in the process of operation which leads
the concept of metrological self-check.
ã Self-check makes it possible both to identify a metrological
defect and to inform an operator about it practically
immediately or even a short time before the critical moment,
which allows for excluding the usage of inadequate
information.
ã To fulfill the requirement of self check in a measuring instruments
sensor devices come to picture.
ã But they have to operate under a high-strength effect of
influencing factors and in many cases, the measurement conditions
changing without any control and this is the reason sensor can·t
fulfill metrological serviceability.
ã In the paper, a solution of this problem is considered and
consequently the purpose of artificial intelligence in a measuring
instrument can be defined.
ã which ensure the reliability of measurement instrument for an
extended lifetime without any metrological maintenance or
periodical calibration.
OO O  OO
ã It is found there is an analogy between evolution of the living
organisms system and that of development of the technical
systems, described by Prof. N. Wiener.
ã Applying this idea onto the analogy between evolution of
living creature sensors and evolution of sensor devices, it is
possible to forecast the development of the sensor devices.
ã This analogy shows that survival in living nature and
reliability of information coming from sense organ and
sensor devices of living organism and technical system
respectively.
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㠏easurement of accuracy and comparison with standard.
ã The purpose of calibration is to ensure that the measuring
accuracy is known over the whole measurement range under
specified environmental conditions for calibration.

 



ã ·sensor· is the simplest sensitive element or the element of a
measuring instrument or measuring system, ·which is
directly affected by a phenomenon, body, or substance
carrying a quantity to be measured· .
ã Control system receives information about the parameters of
technological process from multiple sensors.
ã Based on measured values, the control system generates
commands to switch an operation mode and/or to form an
alarm signal.
ã The key problems of measurement reliability are related to
sensors: their components are ageing and parameters are
changing with time.
ã These sensor errors are due to
 oxidation of metal;
 sublimation of particles from a surface;
 mechanical damage of the surface;
 diffusion of impurities
X All these reasons deteriorate metrological parameters of
sensors and can lead to control errors.
ã The effect of the influencing factor can be weakened by a
special design of the sensor or by polishing the surface of the
sensor and metal where it is operating.
ã It is not always possible to develop the sensor with
metrological characteristics which do not depend on
influencing factors during long period of operation.
ã In many cases, it is necessary to interfere in a technological
process in order to carry out a calibration. Such interferences
lead to additional costs.
ã Any customer does not want to pay for special testing in
order to determine optimal CI for each specific sensor.
ã At present measurement reliability assured by periodic
calibrations of equipments. The level of confidence in
measurement data depends on the duration of calibration intervals
(CI).
ã The initial decision in determining the CI is a very complex
process based on the following factors:
 the instrument manufacturer·s recommendation,
 expected extent and severity of use,
 the influence of the environment,
 the required uncertainty in measurement,
 adjustment of the individual instrument,
 data about the same or similar devices
ã Therefore, most customers are not satisfied with the present
practice of providing the level of confidence in automatic
control system measurements for expensiveness of the
procedure, but it is contradicted by the author that It is
desirable to calibrate measuring instruments as seldom as
possible.
ã However, unreliable information coming to the automatic
control system can lead to failures and large economic costs
and it becomes a challenge to solve this contradiction within
the frames of generally accepted methods of measurement
assurance.
ã A purpose of intelligence is to provide the survival of equipment
in the case of unpredictably changing conditions of equipment and
should be assure reliability of measurements during the extended
lifetime without metrological maintenance.
ã The system providing an estimation of the reliability of measuring
information formed in the system through the
automatic check of metrological health of the sensors included in
the system can be called ´intelligentµ.
ã Intelligence in Nature evolved in two ways: formation of
´collective mindµ of many living organisms and development of the
intelligence (mind) of a separate individual.
㠉ormation of the ´collective mindµ is the integration of a number
of autonomous subsystems of a lower level
ã When many no of sensor connected in a system, sensors, in which
a metrological fault occurred, can be detected on the basis of
deviation of their signals from the signals of the larger group of the
others included in the system.
ã The system providing an estimation of the reliability of measuring
information formed in the system through the automatic check of
metrological health of the sensors included in the system can be
called ´intelligentµ.
ã However, it is not always possible to form significantly large
´swarmµ of sensors to measure the same value.
ã ´swarmingµ model is not the most effective for creation of
the measuring information reliability check due to delay
signal received from machine and which leads to error
decision which show path to a new type of intelligence come
to picture and called asµ individual intelligenceµ.
ã Integration of a number of autonomous sensor. Each of the
sensor was linked with one or several sensing elements and
had individual features and has an advantage with the respect
of the search of the effective ways of survival under changing
environment.
ã The sensor that we call ´intelligentµ has the following features:

‡ it includes one or more basic sensing elements as well as

additional elements (additional sensing elements can be such
elements)
‡ the combination of all the elements enables to form a
measurement signal as well as additional signals;
‡ these signals contain information about the metrological health
of a sensor (the metrological self-check can be performed);
‡ processing of measurement and additional signals is carried out
by microprocessor, that can be installed inside or outside of the
sensor.
ã Author described that the economic efficiency of intelligent
sensors is significantly higher than the economic efficiency of
intelligent sensor systems.
ã This automatic self-check sensors will be able not only to
correct the consequences of ´ageingµ and outside impacts, but
to change their parameters automatically on the basis of the
predicted changes.
㠏etrological self-check of a ·sensor· is the automatic control
of its metrological serviceability in the operating process,
which is realized with the help of a reference value
( accepted reference value).
ã In the process of operation the ·intelligent sensors· with
metrological self-check can provide:
 Practically continuous control of the reliability of
measurement information.
 Automatic correction of the sensor parameters.
 easurements under operation conditions with minimum
cost.
 Long term calibration interval can be specified.

    
 




      






  
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ã Present-day technologies created a basis for the development of
the intelligent sensors.
ã The functions of intelligent sensors are self correction, fault
tolerance, and forecasting the sensor ´metrological healthµ. The
innovations in the area of the metrological self-check shows a path
for an advanced age of metrology.
ã Somehow it is also increasing the set up cost and it leads to higher
price upon end user. It is reducing human effort and making them
machine depended.
ã Sensor manufacturing technologies are improving. However, only
rare researchers keep the interest in search of new approaches to
the assuring the traceability of measurements.
ã To my point of view, the development of ·intelligent sensors·
with metrological self-check is the necessary stage of
automation of measuring instruments metrological
maintenance.
ã The task of a future work is, to develop new ·intelligent
sensors· with metrological self-check function and secondly
to promote mass-production of such ·intelligent sensors·.
   
1- etrological self-check and evolution of metrology by Roald
Taymanov, Ksenia Sapozhnikova
2-A self-validating digital Coriolis mass-flow meter: an
overview by . P. Henry
3- Topical tasks of metrology due to measuring instruments
computerization Valery S. Aleandrov, Roald E. Taymanov,
Anna G. Chunovkina
4-Problems of terminology in the field of intelligent sensors
and systems Roald Taymanov, Ksenia Sapozhnikova
5-www.sciencedirect.com
6-www.wikipedia.com
THANK YOU