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Process Model
 Process Modeling

Process Modeling is a technique of organizing

documenting the structure and flow of data through a
system¶s processes and the logic, polices and
procedures to be implemented by a system¶s
processes.

Programme structure chart

Logical flow chart or decision table

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 vse of Logical Process

There are used to document an information system¶s

process focus from the perspective of the system
owners and system users.

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 aata Flow aiagram (aFa

tool that depicts the flow of data through a
system and the work or processing performed by
that system.
OR
This include bubble chart, transformation graph
and process model.

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 |ymbols in aFa
Process or work to be done

External agent or the boundary of the

system

aata stores or file or database

aata flows or input or output

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aifferent Between aFa & Flowchart
Process on aFa can operate parallely but in flowcharts
can execute only one at a time.

aFa show the flow of data though the system by using

arrows. But in flow chart it show the sequence of
processes or operation in the operation.

aFa shows processes that are dramatically different

timing. It doesn¶t happen in flowchart.

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 |ystem Thinking

The application of formal systems theory and concept to

systems problem solving.

This will helps us to understand the way system are

organized and how they work

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 Process Concepts
Input Out put
|ystem/ Process
Feed back & Control loop

The |ystem Environment

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 Process

Process is work performed on or in response to
incoming data flows or condition.

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 Process aecomposition

complete system is usually too difficult to fully
understand when viewed as a whole.

In |ystem
nalysis, we can decomposed system into

logical subsystems, analysis and design.

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 Logical Process and Conventions
Logical processes are work or actions that must be
performed no matter how implement the system.

|ystem is divide to components and sub systems until we

identify manageable subsystem of the overall system.

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  Types of Logical Process
1. Functions:- ( |ubsystem
Is a set of related and ongoing activities of the business.
It has a start and end. It just continuously performs its
work as needed.
2. Event:- (Transaction

n event is a logical unit of work that must be
completed as a whole.
n event is triggered by a discreat
input and is completed when the process has responded
with appropriate outputs.
. Elementary Processes:- (Primitive Process
These are discreat, detailed activities or tasks required to
complete that response to an event or they are the lowest
level of detail depicted in a process model.

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 |tructured English
This is a language and syntax based on the relative
strengths of structured programming and natural English,
for specifying the underlying logic of elementary
processes on process models.

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 |tructured English Procedural
s
 |tructure
| 
 
:
equence of steps
tep :
teps n

O
ple Condton steps If ( ) then

Condton
Else
Condton

3 Coplex Condton steps Case : If

Case O f

4 Multple Condton Nested f ʹthen- else

5 ne ʹ to ʹ any teraton

6 O

 ʹ to ʹ any teraton

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ero Do whle (truth condton)

teps
 Restriction of |tructured English
1. Only strong, imperative verbs may used
2. Only names that have been defined in the project
dictionary may be used
. Formulas should be stated clear using appropriate
mathematical notations
4. vndefined adjectives and adverbs are not permitted
unless clearly defined in the project dictionary as legal
values for data attributes.

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*. Blocking and identification are used to set off the
beginning and ending of constructs and enhance
readability
6. When in doubt, user readability should always take
priority over programmer preference.

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 Policy

Policy is a set of rules that governs some process in
the business. Policies are the basis for decision
making.

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 aecision Table

aecision table is a tabular form of presentation that
specifies a set of conditions and their corresponding
actions. aecision table are very useful for specifying
complex policies and decision making rules, but
unfortunately people are not use that because of they
are not familiar with the table.

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 Process Modelng for Busness
Process Model
BPM s to support that vew(or dsplay) busness process, act control
adequate processes between people and systes related busness
perforng, anage a whole process effcently
±
 





-General anager : anagng structure,
folder, authorty
-Manager : anagng user group,
busness type
 
± 

-Desgner : desgn process, applcaton
-General user : busness catalogue,
busness processor, process ontor

 
 
-Applcaton regstraton
-Web servce,
- Manage event & response
  

  
- Process sulator, report
6ow to construct the Process Model
The roject team understands the current system͛s

trengths, weaknesses, lmtatons, ro lems,
o ortuntes, and onstrans

ata model

The team mem ers wll now uld the corres ondng
rocess model
 Ö
 

 (unctonal decoposton 

  


 Data (low Dagra (

ADM)

Context dagra
Entty
Process
Data (low
Data store
A
ple Process Model
CA
E for Process Modelng
 The Context Dagra
A process odel used to docuent the scope for a syste
also called the envronental odel It s descrbes the
syste wthn the context of ts envronent shows
boundares, external envronent and ajor nforaton
flows
s
   ±
|
 Exaple: Context dagra

„
„ „
„ 







„
 „„ 



 „ 



 Context Dagra

ales orders
Custoers

Accepted ˜ Rejected
sales order fle  sales order report




Ite nubers

Inventory

yste Presdent
Ite prces
 Context D(D
„""
  "
 



!

#  "

  %
"  % 

 

"$$

" 

"% 



 


"

 "$$
 

"
The advantages of Context Dagra

:
hows the scope of the syste

O (ocus on ajor nputs and outputs
3 (ocus on ajor agents
4 seful councaton tool
5 Pcture s worth than thousand words
The functonal Decoposng Dagra

a

a
  

      
 
     
  
 
  

     
   
     
 The functonal Decoposng Dagra
Iteratve process of breakng the descrpton of the
syste nto fner and fner detal The process of
breakng down a syste nto saller coponents

Allows the systes analyst to:

iBreak a syste nto sall, anageable subsystes
i(ocus on one area at a te
iConcentrate on coponent pertnent to one group
of users
iBuld dfferent coponents at ndependent tes
Exaple: (unctonal decoposton

Applcant

ubt applcaton for

Check entry requreents

Check forer results

Councate decson
The functonal Decoposng Dagra