AWARENESS

 Awareness is defined as the

reflection to the real world and it is
involved with the mental process
Basically,

 There are certain theories to

explain
PSYCHOANALYTIC
APPROACH
 Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939)
 He was born in Freiberg,
Czechoslovakia
 He followed his family to move to
Vienna, Austria
 At beginning, he was a neurologist,
but suddenly he was involved with
psychology when he found that
hysteric symptom is related to the soul
CONSCIOUSS,
SUB-CONSCIOUS,
UNCONSCIOUS
MIND
 Freud assumed that the mind is
divided into three parts.
 i. id

 ii. ego

 iii. superego
PERSONALITY
STRUCTURE
 THE ID
 The id is the only component of
personality that is present from birth.
This aspect of personality is entirely
unconscious and includes of the
instinctive and primitive behaviors.
According to Freud, the id is the source
of all psychic energy, making it the
primary component of personality.
 The id is driven by the pleasure
principle, which strives for immediate
gratification of all desires, wants, and
needs. If these needs are not satisfied
immediately, the result is a state anxiety
or tension. For example, an increase in
hunger or thirst should produce an
immediate attempt to eat or drink. The id
is very important early in life, because it
ensures that an infant's needs are met.
THE SUPER EGO

 The superego is the aspect of

personality that holds all of our
internalized moral standards and
ideals that we acquire from both
parents and society--our sense of
right and wrong. The superego
provides guidelines for making
judgments.
EGO

 The ego is the component of

personality that is responsible for
dealing with reality. According to
Freud, the ego develops from the id
and ensures that the impulses of the
id can be expressed in a manner
acceptable in the real world.
 The ego operates based on the reality
principle, which strives to satisfy the
id's desires in realistic and socially
appropriate ways.
 MAJOR DEFENSE
MECHANISM
 A defense mechanism is a tactic developed by
the ego to protect against anxiety. Defense
mechanisms are thought to safeguard the
mind against feelings and thoughts that are
too difficult for the conscious mind to cope
with. In some instances, defense mechanisms
are thought to keep inappropriate or
unwanted thoughts and impulses from
entering the conscious mind.
REPRESSION

The unconscious purpose of

repression operates in a person
who is not able to recall a
threatening situation or may
completely forget that an abusive
person ever was a part of his/her
life.
DENIAL
 Denial is characterized by having a
conscious awareness at some level, but
simply denies the reality of the
experience by pretending it is not there.
REGRESSION

Regression involves a movement

back in developmental time to
when a person felt safe and secure.
Often, that is childhood.
REGRESSION

Regression involves a movement

back in developmental time to
when a person felt safe and secure.
Often, that is childhood.
PROJECTION

Projection is attributing your

own unacceptable impulses to
someone else. The impulses
are still judged unacceptable
but they belong to someone
else, not you.
DISPLACEMENT

Displacement involves taking

out our frustrations, feelings,
and impulses on people or
objects that are less
threatening. Displaced
aggression is a common
example of this defense
mechanism.
REACTION FORMATION
 reduces anxiety by taking up the opposite
feeling, impulse, or behavior. An example of
reaction formation would be treating someone
you strongly dislike in an excessively friendly
manner in order to hide your true feelings.
According to Freud, they are using reaction
formation as a defense mechanism to hide
their true feelings by behaving in the exact
opposite manner.
SUBLIMATION

Sublimation is a defense mechanism that

allows us to act out unacceptable impulses by
converting these behaviors into a more
acceptable form. For example, a person
experiencing extreme anger might take up
painting as a means of venting frustration.
Freud believed that sublimation was a sign of
maturity that allows people to function
normally in socially acceptable ways.
JOHARI WINDOW
 The Johari Window, named after the
first names of its inventors, Joseph
Luft and Harry Ingham, is one of the
most useful models describing the
process of human interaction.
JOHARI WINDOW
 OPEN

 The "open" quadrant represents things that both I know

about myself, and that you know about me. For example,
I know my name, and so do you, and if you have
explored some of my website, you know some of my
interests. When I first meet a new person, the size of the
opening of this first quadrant is not very large, since
there has been little time to exchange information. As the
process of getting to know one another continues, the
window shades move down or to the right, placing more
information into the open window, as described below.
 BLIND
 The "blind" quadrant represents things that you know
about me, but that I am unaware of. So, for example, we
could be eating at a restaurant, and I may have
unknowingly gotten some food on my face. This
information is in my blind quadrant because you can see
it, but I cannot. If you now tell me that I have something
on my face, then the window shade moves to the right,
enlarging the open quadrant's area. For example,
perhaps in our ongoing conversation, you may notice that
eye contact seems to be lacking. You may not say
anything, since you may not want to embarrass me, or
you may draw your own inferences that perhaps I am
being insincere.
 HIDDEN

 The "hidden" quadrant represents things that I know

about myself, that you do not know. So for example, I
have not told you, nor mentioned anywhere on my
website, what one of my favorite ice cream flavors is.
This information is in my "hidden" quadrant. As we get to
know and trust each other, I will then feel more
comfortable disclosing more intimate details about
myself. This process is called: "Self-disclosure."
 UNKNOWN

 The "unknown" quadrant represents things that neither I

know about myself, nor you know about me. For
example, I may disclose a dream that I had, and as we
both attempt to understand its significance, a new
awareness may emerge, known to neither of us before
the conversation took place. Usually, I am terrified of
speaking in public, but I was surprised to learn that in
such an atmosphere, the task need not be so daunting.
Prior to this event, I had viewed myself and others had
also viewed me as being extremely shy. Thus, a novel
situation can trigger new awareness and personal
growth.