# BASICS OF SURVEY #

By – Nirav Bhinde

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 # EXERSICE #

BEFORE ATTENDING THE SITE, YOU SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH :

 Knowledge about Latitude & Longitude, in both DMS & Decimal formats
 Knowledge about North
 Study the given topology first
 Command on MapInfo and Pathloss tool
 GPS – AMSL calibration from nearest Railway station
 Check the durability of Camera, Binocular and Net-Monitor
 Make sure that you use the same maps, datums and
co-ordinate systems through-out the project

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 # FREQUENCY #

 Radio Frequency (RF) = 900 MHz or 1800 MHz spectrum

 Microwave Frequency (Txn) = 2 GHz to 58 GHz spectrum
 In Case of Hop Length > 12 km, consider 7 GHz for Transmission
 In case of Hop Length from 2 to 12 km, consider 15 GHz for Transmission
 In case of Hop Length < 2 km, consider 18 GHz for Transmission
 RF (MHz) spreads in Area
 Txn (GHz) shoots point to point (like Air-Balloon)
 In both cases, as Freq. more – covered Distance less
 Airtel (1800 MHz), Vodafone (900 MHz), !dea (900 MHz) for RF
 Airtel (Nokia), Vodafone (Nokia), !dea (Ericsson) for Txn

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 # LoS #

 LoS = Line of Sight

 LoS is not equal to Laser Sight
 LoS = Laser Sight + Fresnal Zone considerations

R
d2

d1

R = 17.3 (d1.d2 / f.D)1/2

Where,
R = Radius of Fresnal zone in meter
D = (d1 + d2) in km
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f = frequency in GHz
 # Earth Radius Factor K #

 K = 1.33 for standard atmosphere with normally refracted path (this value
should be used whenever local value is not provided)
 LoS must be calculated by considering F1 at 100% and F2 at 60%
 F1 = First Fresnal Zone
 F2 = Second Fresnal Zone

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 # Must Check for Acquisition #

 Acquisition is a Major concern for any operator

 We have to make trade-off between the options where they can serve most
& where it can be Acquirable !
 First preference should go for the sharing options
 In case of Own options – Try to get the land within the Town
 In case of well organized village, try to get RTT or RTP options instead of
GBT options
 In case of Sharing option: always check for the BTS type

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 # Must Check for LoS #

 LoS can either be Clear or Not-clear

 Always be very sure before you clear any LoS
 Consider the vegetation growth factor as per local environment
 Microwave hops over or in the vicinity of the large water surfaces and flat
land areas can cause severe multipath fading. So, these kind of comments
should be forwarded to Survey Coordinators
 Always check for the space availability for the MW Radio at
the height where you propose at given Direction
 Never plan MW at top of the tower, always take 2m guard
space for mounting mechanism
 Check LoS from the options you choose

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 160

150

140
Elevation (meters)

130

120

110

100

90

80
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
Path Length (2.93 km)
AJARPURA Frequency = 15000.0 MHz KSO001
Latitude 022 38 19.7 N K = 1.33 Latitude 022 38 08.2 N
Longitude 072 59 04.2 E Fn = 1.00, 0.60 Longitude 073 00 46.1 E
Azimuth 96.92 deg Azimuth 276.93 deg
Elevation 120 m ASL Elevation 90 m ASL
Antenna CL 30.0 m AGL ADA Cellworks Antenna CL 32.0 m AGL

Date 15-10-108 8
kso001.pl3
 # Must Check for Blocked LoS #

 If any LoS get Block then also Route Survey must be Done for the same
 Make Pathloss file for the Reason of BLOCK
 The Reason of BLOCK should also get reflected in SARF as well
 Never plan MW at top of the tower, always take 2m guard
space for mounting mechanism
 In case of MW Repeater proposal, Choose any appropriate Town which
can be converted to a Full Fledge site afterwards as per Network
requirements
 If you know from the early study of the Town that LoS will get
problematic, Do or Ask for the Top map Study first !

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 180

170

160
Elevation (meters)

150

140

130

120

110
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Path Length (10.00 km)
CHIKHLI Frequency = 15000.0 MHz UCH001
Latitude 021 14 55.0 N K = 1.33 Latitude 021 10 14.0 N
Longitude 073 49 04.0 E Fn = 1.00, 0.60 Longitude 073 46 12.0 E
Azimuth 209.87 deg Azimuth 29.85 deg
Elevation 123 m ASL Elevation 126 m ASL
Antenna CL 40.0 m AGL ADA Cellworks Antenna CL 40.0 m AGL

Date 15-10-108 10
chikhl~1.pl3
 # Must Check for RF #

 Before visiting the New Site, you should be known with neighboring site’s
sector’s height and azimuth
 Decide RF antenna “height” and “tilt” as per operator guidelines
 If any major variation found from the Nominal Lat-Long provided, Inform
the coordinator for the same before starting of the survey
 Take about 20 to 25 Important Landmarks of the Town with Rx level
 Landmarks should be a combination of Village’s and Surrounding area’s
details
 In case of good Outdoor coverage in some town,
kindly check the Indoor coverage as well

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 # Must Check for SARF #

 Be clear first what Operator wants in SARF

 All Fonts & Size of the characters must be as per asked
 Details in the SARF are the Primary details
 Pathloss, MapInfo details must be same as per in SARF
 Any type of Information related to the site, mention them in to the SARF
 Correct AMSL of the options must be there in SARF
 SARF form contain three sheets: SARF, Town Layout & Site Layout
 Always mention NORTH in Town Layout & Site Layout sheets

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 # Site Location #

 Site Location in Hilly region

 In case of Site Location at High point, It’s good for Transmission but not for
RF purpose

Unwanted cell uncontrolled, strong

boundary interferences

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 # Site Location #

 Site Location in Hilly region

 In case of Site Location at Low point, It’s good for RF but not for
Transmission purpose

Wanted cell
boundary

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# THANK YOU #
By – Nirav Bhinde

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