FUTURE OF NUCLEAR

ENERGY IN PAKISTAN

KHALID M. BUKHARI
DIRECTOR
KARACHI INSTITUTE OF POWER
ENGINEERING
PRESENT STATUS OF ENERGY
CONSUMPTION IN PAKISTAN
PROJECTED REQUIREMENTS
POSSIBLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

• COAL • HYDRO
• OIL • SOLAR
• GAS • WIND
• NUCLEAR • GEOTHERMAL
WORLD TRENDS – TOTAL ENERGY
CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT
SOURCES IN PAKISTAN
WORLD TRENDS - ELECTRICITY
DIFFERENT SOURCES FOR ELECTRIC
POWER – PAKISTAN AND WORLD

PAKISTAN WORLD
 BASIS FOR SELECTION OF DIFFERENT
SOURCES
• Availability of plant
• Availability and assured supply of fuel
• Cost of electricity
• Proven technology
• Effects on environment
• “Energy independence”
ENERGY MIX
 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

Basic components of all thermal stations:

heat source, boiler, turbine, generator,
condenser.
Other components: pumps, piping,
instrumentation, controllers, …..

Heat sink (for condenser), electrical grid

network to feed the power.
 THERMAL VS NUCLEAR PLANT

• Primary difference is the heat source.

• Instead of hot flue gases, the nuclear fuel usually heats
water at high pressure, that in turn boils a secondary
water which is at a lower pressure.
• Radioactivity: requires protective measures
• Decay heat: requires cooling even after shutdown.
• Larger number of systems: complex design.
• Additional instrumentation: for radioactivity, neutron flux
etc.
• More serious consequences in the event of a major
accident. Therefore, safety is of primary concern.
 THERMAL VS NUCLEAR PLANT

NUCLEAR CONVENTIONAL

CONSTRUCTION TIME 5 -6 years 2 -3 years

CAPITAL COST 3500 + 1000 +

USD / KWe

FUEL COST LOW HIGH

O%M COST MODERATE LOW

 TYPES OF NPP
BASED ON FUEL TYPE:
• NATURAL URANIUM (KANUPP)
• ENRICHED URANIUM (CHASNUPP)

BASED ON COOLANT TYPE

• LIGHT WATER (CHASNUPP)
• HEAVY WATER (KANUPP)
• GAS
• LIQUID METAL
 REQUIREMENTS TO BUILD AND
SUSTAIN NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAM
• Fuel supply (uranium, enrichment if
needed)
• Industrial base or vendor support
• Large load centres
• Trained manpower
 PRESENT STATUS IN PAKISTAN

• Entire fuel cycle

• Weak industrial base – need reliable
vendor
• Sufficient trained manpower and training
capacity
 FUTURE PLANS
ENERGY POLICY TARGET FOR 2030:

To have 8800 MWe of nuclear electricity

 CURRENT STATUS
• KANUPP (125 MWe) OPERATIONAL SINCE
1972
• CHASNUPP-1 (300 MWe) OPERATIONAL
SINCE 2002
• CHASNUPP-2 (300 MWe) UNDER
CONSTRUCTION
• CHASNUPP-3 AND -4 (300 MWe each) IN
NEGOTIATION PHASE
• KANUPP-2 (1000 MWe) PLANNED AFTER C-3
AND C-4
 .

Thank you