SCIENTIFIC

INVESTIGATION

1.1 Analysing method of scientific

investigation

1.2 Planning an experiment

What is the scientific
investigations??
• When scientist carry out their work, they
begin by observing natural phenomena , a
process or an event around them.

• Then, they follow a series of step called

scientific methods/ scientific investigation

• In order to find possible answer

 Steps of scientific method
1. Identifying the problem
-by observe of specific natural phenomenon by
using 5 senses
-and ask question about what they observed in
nature
-and actively seek answer
-scientific answer need to be answered by
gathering evidence
-so we need to run the experiment
2. Identifying and controlling variables

-consist of manipulated variable/independent

variable( what experimenter change during exp)

-responsive variable/dependent variable(what

experimenter measures )

-fix variable/standard variable (things that are kept

equal/stardardized/constant)

-control group(when independent variable

eliminated)
Ex-
You water 3 sunflower with salt water. Each
plant receives a different concentration of salt
solutions. A fourth plants receives pure water.
After a two week periods, the height is
measured.
Can you give me….

Manipulated variable(MV)=
Responsive Variable(RV)=
Fix Variable(FV)=
Control Group(CG)=
• Assignment !! =P
3. Forming a hypothesis
-general statement about observed event
-not valid yet
-if valid will become theory

Ex: can be worded as an

If…………….Then

If I used the higher concentration of salt solution to

water the plant, then the height of the plant will
become higher.
4. Planning the investigations
-plan and run the experiment

5. Collecting, analysing and interpreting

data

-data obtained by means of observation and

measurement
-presented in the form of graph, table or
diagrams
-find a relationship between MV and RV
-Based on information gathered from the exp
6. Make a conclusion
- -state the conclusion, whether you want to
accept or reject the hypothesis.

7. Write a report
 Title:Effect of the load of school bag on the rate of
heartbeat of students

Objective: To study the effect of the load of school ags on the rate of
heartbeat of students

Problem Statement: What is the effect of the load of school bags on the
rate of heartbeat of students?

Hypothesis: The heavier the load of school bags,the faster the rate of
heartbeat of students

• Variables MV: Load of school bags

RV: rate of heartbeat
FV: distance of movement
• Materials and apparatus: Material: Books, School bags
Apparatus: Weighing scale
and stopwatch
Technique: Calculating the rate of heartbeat
Procedure: The students are divided into 4
groups etc
Result : Bar graph is coded

Discussion : The heavier the school bag , the

faster the heartbeat

Conclusion: When the load of the school bag

increases, the rate of heartbeat also increases,
Hypothesis accepted
Lets do simple experiment!
 Thumb wrestling
Question: Which trait is best to help someone
win a thumb war tournament?

Hypothesis:
If…………………………………...Then…………
………………………..

Materials:………………………………….
Procedure:
1. To play the game, a player hooks the four finger of
the other player right hand and clasps firmly.
2. To start the game both student say “ one, two,
three four, I declare a thumb war.”
3. Both students try to trap or capture the opponent’s
thumb for 3 seconds to win.
4. Females play females. Males play males.
5.Students can conduct only one thumb war per
round. No cheating!!
6. Twisting the opponent’s arm, use the opposite
hand or use another finger is not allowed
7. Students should not hurt the other student.
 Experiment data:
Your measurement:
Your Wrist: Thumb Thumb
measurement circumferen length:
ce:

Male winner Wrist: Thumb Thumb

circumferen length:
ce:

Female Wrist: Thumb Thumb

winner circumferen length:
ce:
Variables:
MV:……………………..
RV:………………………
FV:………………………
Analysis: create a bar graph with the wrist , thumb
length and thumb circumference of male winner,
female winner.
Conclusion: What trait was the most important for
winning?.....................................................
What were the experimental errors in this
experiment?
…………………………………………………
There were three MV in this experiment. Did
you have the same conclusion as all the
other students in the class?
……………………………………………
If not, having three MV cause the class to
have inconsistent result?
…………………………………………

True or False: Scientific experiments try to

have only one MV?
………………..
• Pass up your assignments on next week
at the same period we were doing the
experiment.

End of the chapter 1!!