( Construction )

Solidification ( Cooling curves)

A A
A

Liquid B B

B C C
D

C
TEMPERATURE

Solid

D D E

Compound
Solid solution
Pure metal ( Part solution and part eutectic )
( Alloy )

TIME
 Phase diagram ( Solid solution )

Liquid phase
80% A 60% A 40%A 70%A 80%A
20%B 40%B 60%B 30%B 20%B
Liquidus

Liquid + Solid : phase

TEMPERATURE

Solidus

Solid phase

A 20 40 60 80 B
Composition
 Phase diagram ( Eutectic system )
Eutectic Reaction
100% A Heating
80% A 60% A 40%A 80% A 100%B
20%B 40%B
Liquid A+B
60%B 20%B
Cooling

Solid
Liquid
TEMPERATURE

Liquidus

Liquid + A
Liquid + B

Solidus

Eutectic
(A+B)

A + (A+B) Solid B + (A+B)

A 20 40 60 80
B Composition
 δ +L
1500
0.5%
Liquid
δ +γ
0.18% Solidus
1300 γ + L
Liquidus

Peritectic L + Fe3C
γ ( Austenite ) 1148 c 0

1100 4.43%
2.1% Eutectic
Solid Solidus
900 γ + Fe3C γ + Fe3C

α+ γ 727o c
700 0.8%
o.o25%
Eutectoid

Ledeburite ( γ + Fe3C )
α
Pearalite ( α + Fe 3C )

500
Fe3C
Pearalite + α Fe3C
+ Pearalite

300

100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.67 % C

Steel
 Phase diagram ( Eutectic system )
Case 2 Case 1 Case 3
Eutectic Reaction
Heating

Liquid A+B
TA Cooling
Liquid
TB
T1oC

T4oC
TEMPERATURE

T5oC
T2oC

Liquid + A Liquid + B

T3oC
TE
(A+B)

TRoC A + (A+B) B + (A+B)

Solid

0 20 40 60 80 100% B
A 100 % 20 40 60 80 100%

Composition
 T T T Diagrams

Step1: Cut large number of small specimen from the same rod.

Above Austenitizing temperature

Step2: Heat them in furnace above austenitizing

temperature ( Long enough that all become completely Austenite)
 T T T Diagrams
Temperature is below austenitizing temperature
Say at 3500C

Step3: The specimen are placed in molten salt bath

The specimen allowed to react Isothermally

1 2
3 4

Step4: 1 Allowed to react for 5 seconds

2 Allowed to react for 5 minutes

3 Allowed to react for 1hour

4 Allowed to react for 10 hour

 100
Percentage of transformed pearlite

0
75

Percentage of Austenite
25

50
50

25
75

0
100
0 5sec 5 min ihr 10hr 100hr

Time in log scale

Step5: Quench the samples in cold water and check its hardness and
microstructure
Step6: The above steps are repeated at different sub critical temperatures
to obtain a series of reaction curves over
whole range of Austenite instability for a given steel.
 Percentage of
Percentage
3500C
5000C

Austenite
pearlite

0 5sec 5 min ihr 10hr 100hr

800
700
600
500
400
Temperature

300
200
100
50
25 Time in log scale
0 5sec 5 min ihr 10hr 100hr
compressive test
Thanks to MY KIDS
WIFE