T O F

PA C
IC I M G I S
N O M R MI N
EC O W A
OB A L
O A X
GL
E O F H
MO R
World carbon trading value doubles
A sharp rise in the number of transactions in the emissions trading
market brought the value of trades to about $64bn last year, says the
World Bank in an annual review - May 8 2008
GLOBAL WARMING
 CAUSES

 THE GREENHOUSE
GASES
 The greenhouse effect
is the trapping of heat
around Earth.


 A tiny number of gases

in the atmosphere
can trap heat around
the Earth. This gases
keep the Earth warm.
 The greenhouse gases
are like a blanket: if
they are in the right
thickness, Earth
won’t be too cold or
hot.
 THE GREENHOUSE GASES

 The Earth’s atmosphere

is made up of
nitrogen (about 78%)
and oxygen (about
21%).

THE GREENHOUSE GASES
 The traced gases 1%
regulate the climate.
 These are the gases:
 Water vapour- It’s the
most common. It’s
the 60% of the
natural greenhouse
effect.
 THE GREENHOUSE GASES

 Carbon dioxide CO2 It 

comes from:  Nitrous oxide . It’s the
 *plants decay most powerful
 *volcanoes erupt greenhouse gas.
 *animals breathe. 

 Human activities increase 

the CO2 levels and are the  Ozone It’s helpful in the
main gas responsible
THE GREENHOUSE THE for
GASES
GREENHOUSE GASES
stratosphere but it’s
global warming.

dangerous in the
 Methane It comes from:
troposphere.

 It form when the
sunlight reacts with
 *animals as waste gas fumes from and trucks.
 *rooting plants and 
rubbish.
 Halocarbons CFCs were
 *burning fossil fuels.
 used as spray ,
Waste- residu decay- descomposició solvents, cleaners
Root- arrels breathe- respiració and coolants …SES
 


 MEASURES ADOPTED BY
GOVERNMENT TO OVERCOME
GLOBAL WARMING
 KYOTO PROTOCOL

The Protocol was initially adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan

and entered into force on 16 February 2005. As of April 2010,
191 states have signed and ratified the protocol.[
 Participation in the Kyoto Protocol, as of
June 2009,
Green = Countries that have signed and
ratified the treaty
Grey = Countries that have not yet decided
Blue = No intention to ratify at this stage
CARBON CREDIT
CERTIFICATE
 MAJOR QUESTION
 IS GLOBAL WARMING


 ANTHROPOGENIC OR
NATURAL??????
 Gross Domestic Product
GDP in current U.S. dollars. Not adjusted
for inflation

 Data source:  World Bank, World Development Indicators -

Last updated Apr 27, 2011


 Gross Domestic Product
GDP in current U.S. dollars. Not adjusted
for inflation. 

Data source:  World Bank, World Development Indicators - Last



updated Apr 27, 2011


 GDP in % (Annually)
% Of GDP

% Of GDP
Year Year

Source: UN Data

05/09/11 IIPM Ahmedabad 16

 GDP in % (Annually)
% Of GDP

% Of GDP

Year Year
Source: UN Data

05/09/11 IIPM Ahmedabad 17

 The greenhouse
effect
 Not all the heat we feel
on Earth comes from
the Sun. Most of this
heat comes from
Earth itself, which is
trapped and sent
back down by
greenhouse gases.


 Greenhouse gases let

enter
 high-energy radiation
from Sun. This warms the
Earth but not the
atmosphere.


 Let- permetre
 Th e g re e n h o u s e
e ffe c t
 As Earth warms up, it
gives heat as low-
energy infrared
rays.
 Only a few pass through
the greenhouse
gases.
 The greenhouse effect

 The greenhouse
gases trap most of
infrared rays. This
heats the
atmosphere and
heats the Earth.
 The greenhouse effect
 ENHANCED EFFECT l No w a d a ys , t h e

le ve ls o f CO2
 Without greenhouse (c a rb o n d ioxid e ) a n d
gases, Earth’s surface m e t h a n e in t h e
temperature would be a t m o s p h e re a re
-18º C, Too cold for h ig h e s t t h a n 1 6 0 ,0 0 0
life.

ye a rs .
l
 Natural greenhouse gas
levels make it a lA q u a rt e r o f t h e
comfortable 15.5ºC. CO2 in t h e
 a t m o s p h e re w a s
 But when more adde d by hum an
greenhouse gases are a c t io n s .
added, for instance by
human activities, the
greenhouse effect is
enhanced and the
global temperatures
start to rise. En h a n c e - c re ix e m e n t ,m illo ra
HUMANS CREATED IT, THE EFFECTS ARE
DIRE AND HUMANS CAN CORRECT IT.

GLOBAL WARMING
ALARM!
Global warming is a natural phenomenon,
and there is
nothing realistic that mankind can do to

COOL IT!
significantly change the global
temperature.
  Alarmists say  Skeptic says
 Antarctica represents 
“Due to natural
the greatest threat to currents”
the globe from global  Antarctic, ice is
warming, bar none. growing, not shrinking.
That makes Antarctica a


sink, not a source, of

ocean water. Duncan Wingham, Director
of the Centre for Polar Observation , London


Antarctica’s collapsing ice

shelves
  Alarmist say  Skeptics say
 Proof that human  “It’s the wind”
activities are 
propelling a slide  “Polar wind patterns changed
and blew sea ice further
toward climate south to warmer waters than
calamity. it normally would”

 Arctic = 3 million square KM-
shrinking
Antarctic = 16 million square
KM growing
 Net change in ice area +5%
 Son Nghiem of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
Pasadena

Arctic ice melt

 Alarmist say Skeptics say


 “Global warming may raise the  “IPCC predicts one foot“

oceans 23 feet, submerging

cities from Sidney to New
York.” 
“I am a sea-level
Jonathan Gregory, climate scientist at the University
specialist. There are many


of Reading in England
good sea-level people in the
world, but let’s put it this
way: There’s no one who’s
beaten me.”
 “The rise rate is not more
than
 4.3 inches per century”
 Nils-Axel Morner, President International
Commission on Sea-Level Changes
Stockholm University, Sweden





sea level rise