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Cities and Empires

Chapter 1, Section 2
Chapter 1
The First Americans

 Section 1 – Early Peoples


 Section 2 – Cities and Empires
 Section 3 – North American Peoples
 Chapter Review
 Chapter 1 Test
Main Idea

 Several factors led


to the rise and
decline of great
civilizations in the
Americas.
1-2 Workbook
The Maya
 thrived from A.D. 300-900
 Southern Mexico & Central America
 Tikal was largest city (present-day Guatemala)
 Mayan priests controlled everything (theocracy)
 skilled in astronomy & mathematics
(example – 365-day calendar)
 first written language in the Americas
(hieroglyphics)
 why civilization declined in A.D. 900 is a
mystery
The Aztec
 1325-1519
 Central Mexico
 island in Lake Texcoco chosen because of
religious sign (eagle perched on cactus with
snake in beak)
 society organized around religion (human
sacrifices)
 Tenochtitlan was once the largest city in
Americas
 military empire kept growing by conquering
others
The Inca
 1400-1532
 West coast of South America along the Andes
Mountains (Peru)
 expert builders (Macchu Picchu)
 terraces throughout Andes Mountains for
farming
 medically advanced (brain surgery)
 largest empire in the Americas (land and
population)
Which Civilization?

 They developed an
early 365-day
calendar to plan
religious activities
and farming.

MAYA
Which Civilization?
 They grew enough
crops to feed its ten
million citizens by
carving terraces
into the
mountainous
terrain of the
Andes, and
growing corn,
potatoes and more.

iNCA
Which Civilization?
 They built the
amazing city of
Tenochtitlan –
complete with
stone pyramid
structures,
drawbridges and
floating gardens.

AZTEC
Which Civilization?

 Which civilization
controlled the most
land area?

iNCA
Which Civilization?

 They had the first


written language in
the Americas, with
over 500 glyphs to
represent different
ideas.

MAYA
Which Civilization?

 No written
language, but they
had a record-
keeping system of
knotted strings
called quipus.

iNCA
Which Civilization?
 When their
powerful military
conquered other
Native American
groups, they often
sacrificed captured
enemies to the
Gods.

AZTEC
Which Civilization?

 Which is the
westernmost
civilization shown
on the map?

AZTEC
Which Civilization?

 They were
advanced
medically, even
successfully
practicing brain
surgery centuries
ago.

iNCA
Which Civilization?
 Since the dry soil
was not good for
farming, they
planted “floating
crops” on reed
mats. The crops
rooted themselves
in the shallow lake
bed.

AZTEC
Which Civilization?
 Their civilization
declined around
900AD.
Archaeologists are
still trying to solve
the mystery of the
end of this great
civilization.

mAYA
Which Civilization?
 In the Disney movie
based on this
civilization, the
main character is
named Cuzco, after
the capital city.

iNCA
Which Civilization?

 Which civilization is
shown in red?

MAYA
Which Civilization?

 To connect their
huge empire,
runners carried
messages over
10,000 miles of
stone paved roads.

INCA

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