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Nursing Research:

Data Collection, Processing


and Analysis
Objectives
 Describe nursing research in relation to the
Foundation of Knowledge model.
 Explore the acquisition of previous knowledge
through Internet and library holdings.
 Assess informatics tools for collecting data and
storage of information.
 Compare tools for processing and analyzing
quantitative and qualitative data.
Introduction: Nursing Research and the
Foundation of Knowledge Model
 The Foundation of Knowledge Model
suggests that most important in information
discovery, retrieval, and delivery is the ability
to acquire, process, generate and
disseminate knowledge in ways that help
those managing the knowledge re-evaluate
and rethink the way they are understanding
and utilizing what they know and have
learned.
Introduction: Nursing Research and the
Foundation of Knowledge Model
 The sheer quantity of information will not by itself
create a more informed citizenry without
complementary abilities necessary to use this
information effectively.
 Most significantly, information literacy forms the basis
for lifelong learning, forming a commonality to all
learning environments, disciplines, and levels of
education (Association of College and Research
Libraries, 2000).
Knowledge Generation Through
Nursing Research
 Information literacy is an intellectual framework for
finding, understanding, evaluating, and using
information.
 Because nursing informatics combines all aspects of
clinical practice, research, administration, and
education, the ability to recognize the need for a
specific kind of information and locate, evaluate, and
use effectively use it within the nursing informatics
paradigm will catapult nurses ahead of other
healthcare professionals in applying and engaging
various facets of technology.
Acquiring previous knowledge
through Internet/library holdings

 In an environment of rapid technological


change coupled with an overwhelming
proliferation of information sources, nurses
face an enormous number of options when
choosing how and from where to acquire
information for their academic studies, clinical
situations, and research.
New Information Venues
 Professional online databases - A source of online
information generally invisible to all Internet users
except those with professional or academic
affiliations, such as faculty, staff and students.
 Search Engines - Search engines allow users to surf
the Web and find information on nearly anything.
 Electronic Library Catalogs - Nearly all higher
education institutions have their library catalogs
online.
Informatics tools for collecting
data and storage of information
 Nurses are already intimately familiar with
data collection as daily agents of patient care
documentation, patient monitoring, and
interview data (Chang, 2001).
 Nurses may generate and record data from
their own observations or with the assistance
of various devices.
Informatics tools for collecting
data and storage of information
 Software designed to collect, sort, organize,
store, retrieve, select and aggregate data are
Database Management Systems (DBMS).
 Quantitative data collection tools or
“instruments” include questionnaires,
interviews, surveys, quizzes, assessments, e-
mail interviews and Web-based surveys.
Informatics tools for collecting
data and storage of information
 An innovative electronic data collection is the
system used by the participants in the
Nightingale Tracker System pilot study in
which nursing students traveling to rural
clinical sites submitted information into
handheld devices while miles away from their
preceptor-supervisors.
Tools for processing data and
data analysis
 Data analysis is the process by which data
collected during the course of a study is
processed to identify trends and patterns of
relationships.
 Descriptive statistics allows the researcher to
organize information meaningfully.
Tools for processing data and
data analysis
 Quantitative data focuses on numbers and
frequencies rather than experience and meaning.
 In quantitative studies, variables represented by
data are collected in numerical form.
 Qualitative data (in contrast) is more concerned
with describing meaning that in drawing
statistical inferences.
Tools for processing data and
data analysis
 Some major types of qualitative data
collection include in-depth interviews, direct
observation, and written documents.
 Computers can aid greatly in the storage,
tabulation and retrieval of qualitative data by
acting as the equivalent of an electronic filing
cabinet.
Tools for processing data and
data analysis
 Qualitative data analysis can also be aided by simple
data management programs, such as Excel, in which
a user can categorize data and link categories with
key words.
 Quantitative data analysis includes statistical analysis
in which samples and populations are compared, in
order to discern whether the sample is biased or
reflective of a true situation.
 Another aspect of analysis includes seeking
relationships between variable and events.

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