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Introduction to Legal
System in India
 Introduction
• The legal system defines a set of rules, conduct or/and procedures which are
necessary for establishing and maintaining a disciplined society.

• It has been formulated by custom, agreement and national interests and is enforced
through a set of institutions.

• The legal system is critical as it shapes politics, economics and society in various
ways and acts as the best social mediator in relations between people and
institutions.

• The Indian Legal system is one of the oldest and longest written set of laws in the
world

• Our legal system has its roots in the legislature formulated during the British Raj
era.
• The Indian legal system is formulated baring in mind the
diversity of the country and with due respect to the religion,
customs and traditions of the people.

• For instance the Indian Divorce act is different for Hindus and
Muslims which is aligned to their respective religious
guidelines.

• The three main branches of government that act as the central

institutions for interpreting and creating law are:
    Impartial judiciary.
 Democratic legislature
 Accountable executive
• To implement and enforce the law and provide services to the
public, a government's bureaucracy, the military and police are
vital.

• While all these branches are created and bound by law, an

independent legal profession and a vibrant civil society inform
and support their progress

• Today law is a practice that is dependent on specialisation.

New generations of lawyers focus on specific areas of legal
interest.

• This has resulted in the birth of specialisations such as areas of

Indian Judiciary System
 Classification of Law:
The various sections of law when broadly classified could be categorized as follows:
Criminal law: Offenses against society or State such as Theft, murder, rape, extortion,
arson, etc

Real estate: Real estate disputes, property tax, transfer of property, Ownership of
property etc.

Civil law: deeds, leases, will mortgages, agreements, contracts, power of attorney etc.

Tax law: Income-tax, wealth tax, gift tax, estate duty, capital gain tax etc.

International law: Against breach of internationally accepted set of rules on various

affairs.

Labour law: Matters between employers and employees.

Copyright, IPR, Patenting etc.: Protection of intellectual property and art.

Miscellaneous: family law, constitutional law, corporate law, patents, excise law,
customs and transportation.
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