Zunair Ali Roll no 276

Faryal Bukhari Roll no 275

Sajawal Haq Roll no 288
Presentation Includes
 Introduction of
TPS
 Features of TPS
 Cycle of
Processing
 Management
Reporting system
 Types of reports
generated by MRS
Presented to:-
Shahid Touqeer Sb
Zunair Ali

276
What is M-I-S
 A management
information system
(MIS) is a system that
provides information
needed to manage
organizations
effectively.
Management
information systems
involve three primary
resources: technology,
information, and
people
 TPS, MIS, DSS, and AI/ES
 Hierarchy:

Information AI/ES Less More Less More

DSS
Decision Input & Sophistication
Routine support output & complexity of
processing & analysis
MRS

Data TPS More Less More Less

Transactions
 Transactions…
• Basic business operations such as
customer orders, purchase orders,
receipts, time cards, invoices, and payroll
checks in an organization
 Transaction processing systems
(TPS)
• A transaction processing system is a type of
information system. TPSs collect, store, modify,
and retrieve the transactions of an organization
Objectives of TPS
– Process data generated by and about
transactions
– Maintain a high degree of accuracy
– Ensure data and information integrity
and accuracy
– Produce timely documents and reports
– Increase labour efficiency
– Help provide increased and enhanced
service
– Help build and maintain customer loyalty
– Achieve competitive advantage
Faryal Bokhari

275
Features of T-P-S
1. Rapid response

2. Reliability

3. Inflexibility

4. Control
Rapid response
 Fast performance
with a rapid
response time is
critical for
business
Relaibilty
 The breakdown
will disrupt the
operation or even
stops bussiness
Inflexibility
 Every transaction
processed in
same way
regardless of user
Control
 The processing in
a TPS must
support an
organization's
operations
SAJAWAL HAQ

288
Data Processing Activities
Common to TPSs
 A transaction processing cycle
• Data collection
• Data editing
• Data correction
• Data manipulation
• Data storage
• Document production

Schematic
 Transaction Processing Activities

 Data collection: Capturing data necessary for

the transaction
 Data editing: Check validity and completeness
– Ex: 400 hours/week instead of 40 hours/week
 Data correction: Correct the wrong data
 Data manipulation: Calculate, summarize
 Data storage: Update transactions
 Document production and reports: Create end
results (paychecks)
 Original data

Data
collection

Data
edit

Data
Data manipulation
correction

Data
storage

Document
production
Cycle of transaction processing
system (cont.)
1. Data Entry:-
The input activity in
transaction processing
systems involves a data
entry process.
In this process, data is
captured, or collected by
recording, coding, and
editing
activities. Then the data
may be converted to a form
that can be entered into a
computer system. Data
entry activities have
always been a bottleneck
in the use of
computers for transaction
processing
 Cycle of transaction processing
system (cont.)

2. Transaction
Processing:-
 Transaction processing
systems process data in two
ways.
 a) Batch processing
 b) Real-time processing
 Batch vs. On-Line
Transaction Processing
 Two types of TPS:
– Batch processing
• A system whereby business transactions
are accumulated over a period of time and
prepared for processing as a single unit or
batch
– On-line transaction processing (OLTP)
• A system whereby each transaction is
processed immediately, without the delay
of accumulating transactions into a batch
 Batch Schematic

Data entry
of accumulated
Input
Output
transactions (batched)
On-line Schematic

Terminal
Terminal Terminal

Output

Terminal
Immediate
processing
of each
transaction

Terminal
Terminal
Cycle of transaction processing
system (cont.)
 3. File and Database
Processing:-
 File and database processing are the
basic activities of transaction
processing
 systems. These are also known as
file and database maintenance.
 This term emphasizes that an
organization’s files and databases
must be
 maintained by its transaction
processing systems so that they are
always correct
 and up to date.
 Transaction processing systems
update and make changes to
corporate databases,
Cycle of transaction processing
system

4. Document &

Report generation:-
 The final stage in the
transaction processing
cycle is the generation
of information
 products such as
documents and reports
Data entry & input

Documents
Processing
& reports

Documents:
Documents:
Internally
Internallygenerated
generated
transactions: •• pick
picklist
list
transactions:
Database •• cheques
••shipped
shippedorders
orders chequestotovendors
vendors
••purchase •• receiving
receivingnotices
purchaseorders
orders notices
Database
Databaseupdate:
update: •• paycheques
••employee
employeetime
timecards
cards paycheques
••customer
customerorders
orders
Externally
Externallygenerated
generated Operational
Operationalreports:
reports:
transactions:
transactions: ••inventory
inventory •• finished
finishedproduct
product
••customer
customerorders
orders ••purchase
purchaseorders
orders inventory
inventorystatus
status
••vendor ••customers •• raw
rawmaterials;
materials;packing
vendorinvoices
invoices customers packing
materials;
materials;spare
spareparts;
parts;
••customer
customerpayments ••suppliers
suppliers inventory
payments inventorystatus
status
 TPS – Typical Transaction Processing (Order)
Ph on e Fa x Tra ns a c tio na l
In t e rne t S y s te ms

Item Retrieval
Brand & Model EDI/ XML
UPC

E-Invoice
Model No. POS
Order Entry
MFG No. Service Cash
SKU EDI
Construction
Internet
Check
Charge(Bank, T&E, House, Finance)
Alternate Units Transm
issions Tr a n s a c t ion P os tin g C a s h P os tin g
Automatic
Accessories Invoice/Credit Memo

Cash Receipts
Generic Items Order Entry Screen
Item Key 1
Text 199.95
Windows POS Deposits
Instructions item2
189.99
2
Retrieval
Order Entry Deposits
Service Deposits
Trade-in's Construction Deposits
Internet Deposits
Catalog Items End of Month
Statements

Ticket
Exception
Pricing YES
Ticket Customer Accepts NO
Packages Tables To Delivery Customer Stmt

Pre-Built (actual) Accounting Customer Stmt

Customer Stmt
Pre-Built (phantom)

Selling Tools Out of Stock Accounts Receivable

Features Substitution
Messages Hot Items
Hot Items Special Order
Best Sellers Alternate Locations
Notes Open Order
Drop Ship Customer History Backorder

Installation WO's Standard Orders

Blanket Orders

Receiving Operation
E-Payment
Order fulfillment
(Whole sa le Divisio n)

Catalog, Phone, Internet Sales Me rc h a n d is e In voic e

Received Uncosted File

Customers
Delivery Ticket Marked Pick

Order taken
Ticket
Exp e n s e In voic e
Three-way
Match

Picking Ticket
Order Fulfillment

PickTicket
MIT^%T$$

Accounts Payable File

Scheduling

From POS
Delivery Ticket sent to

Delivery Process
Disbursement File
Delivery Department

Accounts Payable
 Point-of-Sale Transaction
Processing System
Customer’s
receipt Management Exception
Inventory information report
database system
UPC and
Point-of-sale quantity
UPC transaction
Scanner
Quantity, processing
Date, system Item, quantity,
time date, time, price

UPC Price Purchases

database

Item
database
MANAGEMENT
REPORTING SYSTEM
A management reporting system (MRS) is an
information system that provide predefined type of
information to management
Characteristics of MRS
 They are usually developed by information systems
professionals, rather than by end users, over an
extensive period of time, with the use of life cycle
oriented development methodologies as opposed to a
rapid development by first building a simpler prototype
system and then refining it in response to user
experience.
 These systems are build for situations in which
information requirements are reasonably well known and
expected to remain relatively stable.
 MRSs do not directly support the decision-making
process as a search for alternative solutions to problems
and the selection of the solution to be implemented.
Cont…
 MRSs are oriented toward reporting on the past and the
present, rather than projecting the future.
 MRSs generally have limited analytical capabilities. They
are not built around elaborate models, but rather rely on
extraction of data from databases according to given
criteria, and on summarization of the data.
NEED FOR MIS REPORT
 Provide data
 Aid to managers
 Basics of decision
 Take information decision
Provide Data
 MRS provides
data , that is
required for taking
any decision
according to need
of manager
Aid to Manager
 It provides ease to
manager and
provides reports
with accuracy
Basic of decision
 It provides the
basis on which
manager make
decisions
according to the
situation
Benefits Of Management Reporting
System
 Improves personal efficiency
 Expedites problem solving (speed up the progress of
problems solving in an organization)
 Facilitates interpersonal communication
 Promotes learning or training
 Increases organizational control
 Generates new evidence in support of a decision
 Creates a competitive advantage over competition
 Encourages exploration and discovery on the part of
the decision maker
 Reveals new approaches to thinking about the problem
space
 Helps automate the Managerial processes.
Type of Management Report Systems

 Scheduled (Periodic) Reports

 Exception Reports
 Demand (Ad Hoc) Reports
Scheduled (Periodic) Reports

Are those that are issued

periodically. Two example of
such report are daily
production report and monthly
performance reports.
These types of report can be
used either for planning or
control purpose.
Exception Reports
Are issued when something unusual takes
place that require the attention of
management.
For insurance an expense overrun would
likely trigger the generation of an
exception report.
Exception report are used primary for
control purposes..
Demand (Ad Hoc) Reports

The ability of a manager to request a

demand report or screen output as needed
enhances the flexibility of MRS use and
gives the end user the capability to
request the information and format that
best suit his or her needs. Query
languages provided by DBMSs make data
accessible for demand reporting.