Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Advantages of PLCs
in p u t c o il
O R
n o r m a lly
c lo s e d n o r m a lly
open
O R
Logical Control 115VA C
wall plug
with Relays
relay logic
output C
input A input B
(normally open) (normally open)
(normally closed)
A B C
ladder logic
push buttons
Relay Logic
In a PLC power
supply
+24V
com.
PLC
inputs
ladder
logic
A B C
outputs
115Va c light
AC power
neut.
Reading Ladder Logic
HOT NEUTRAL
A B X
C D G Y
E F H
INPUTS OUTPUTS
A B
C D
EN D
N o t e : T h e n o t a t io n s h o w n a b o v e is SO R
n o t s t a n d a r d A lle n - B r a d le y BST
n o t a t io n . T h e p r o g r a m t o t h e X IC A
r ig h t w o u ld b e t h e A - B e q u iv a X IO B
le n t . N X B
X IO C
X IO D
BN D
O TE X
EO R
EN D
SFCs
Start
flash
power down
End
Structured Text
i := 0 ;
REPEA T
i := i + 1 ;
U N T IL i > = 1 0
EN D _R EPEA T;
PLC in a Control Loop
PROCESS
PLC
The Four Stages of a PLC Scan
THE
CONTROL Power turned on
LOOP
Process changes and PLC pauses
Read inputs while it checks its own operation
Ladder Logic Inputs
x
IIT
immediate inputs will take current values, not those from
the previous input scan. (Note: this instruction is actually
an output that will update the input table with the current
input values. Other input contacts can now be used to
examine the new values.)
Ladder Logic Outputs
When power is applied (on) the output x is activatedfor the left output, but turned
off for the output on the right.
x x
When the L coil is energized, x will be toggled on, it will stay on until the U coil
is energized. This is like a flip-flop and stays set even when the PLC is turned off .
x x
L
U
Some PLCs will allow immediate outputs that do not wait for the program scan to
end before setting an output. (Note: This instruction will only update the outputs using
the output table, other instruction must change the individual outputs.)
x
IOT
Note: Outputs are also commonly shown using parentheses ’-( )-’ instead
of the circle. This is because many of the programming systems are text
based and circles cannot be drawn.
Sample Problem: