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2 Implies information about software defects is

collected and categorized .
2 An attempt is made to trace each defect to its
underlying cause.
2 Isolate the vital few causes of the major source of all
errors.
2 Then move to correct the problems that have caused
the defects.
 a
 
 

 




2 Incomplete or erroneous specification (IES)

2 Misinterpretation of customer communication (MCC)
2 Intentional deviation from product specification (IDS)
2 Violation of programming standards (VPS)
2 Error in data representation (EDR)
2 Inconsistent module interface (IMI)
2 Error in design logic (EDL)
 a  
2 Incomplete or erroneous testing (IET)

2 Inaccurate or incomplete documentation (IID)

2 Error in programming language translation (PLT)

2 Ambiguous or inconsistent human-computer interface

(HCI)

2 Others.
 a  
2 Ei = The total number of errors uncovered during the
ith step in the software development process.

2 Si = the number of serious errors.

2 Mi = the number of moderate errors.
2 Ti = the number of minor errors
2 PS = size of the product (LOC, Function Point)
 a  
2 Phase index for each step is given by.
PIi = ws(Si/Ei)+wm(Mi/Ei)+wt(Ti/Ei)
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XIt involves the continuous improvement of
organizational processes, resulting in high quality products
and services.

X In other words it is a way of managing people and

business processes to ensure complete customer
satisfaction at every stage, internally and externally.

X TQM functions on the premise that the quality of

products and processes is the responsibility of everyone
who is involved with the creation or consumption of the
products or services offered by an organization.
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 a  
X The core of TQM is the     interfaces,
and at each interface consists a number of processes.
X This core must be surrounded by    to
quality.
X 
 of the quality message.
X Creation of a   in which all members of the
organization participate in the improvement of the
 ,   and   .
X They are supported by the key management functions
of      
    in the organisation.
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X a   6 The objective is to achieve total
customer satisfaction. Customer focus includes studying
customer¶s need, gathering customer¶s requirements,
and measuring and managing customer¶s satisfaction
X   The objective is to achieve continuous
process improvement. This elements includes both the
{    and the     
 . Through process improvement product quality
will be enhanced.
 a  

X !
  "
 The objective is to create a

company wide quality culture. Focus areas includes
leadership, management commitment and total
participation.

X 
  


  The objective is to

drive continuous improvement in all quality parameters
by the goal oriented measurement system.
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