Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia in Bangladesh ( CSISA B ) Mission USAID Bangladesh

March 15, 2011

Bas Bouman Senior Scientist IRRI (j.timsina@cgiar.org) William Collis Regional Director for South Asia WorldFish (w.collis@cgiar.org) Andrew McDonald Regional Cropping Systems Agronomist CIMMYT (a.mcdonald@cgiar.org)

CSISA: Bangladesh

1.What is CSISA? 1. 2.Why CSISA ?

3.CSISA Technologies, Activities 8. 9.CGIAR Change

What is CSISA?

What is CSISA?

regional food security initiative launched in 2009

Project Goal: To increase food, nutrition, and income security in S. Asia through sustainable intensification of cereal-based systems
Four countries: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan Supported by: USAID, Gates Foundation, & World Bank

Collaboratively implemented with many public and private partners

Key CSISA activities

able, productive, and economical agricultural manage ivate sectors) to increase the scale and longevity o siness development improved technologies alone ss-tolerant varieties

CSISA Delivery Hubs & Res . Platforms

Faisalabad , Pakistan
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal ICAR Complex for Eastern Region, Patna

Pakistan

Ludhiana, Punjab Karnal, Haryana Kushinagar, EUP Begusarai, Bihar Chitwan, Nepal

Nepal

Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Bangladesh
Gazipur, Bangladesh

India

BARI/BRRI

CSISA Hubs Research Platform

Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute

Thanjavur, TN

Key features

CSISA expansion in Bangladesh

5 - year investment from USAID Bangladesh (FTF- $24.4 m) Enterprise-based diversified strategy WorldFish as a core partner :includes

Emphasis on technology delivery , capacity building , and adaptive research (no upstream research, breeding, or policy) Formation of four new hubs in the South Strengthening of existing hubs in Central and Northwest (3X more resources at hubs)

CSISA Hubs in Bangladesh

Existing hubs :
Dinajpur (Rajshahi satellite) Central BD (Gazipur Mymensingh )

New hubs for 2011 :

Jessore Khulna Barisal

New hubs for 2012 :

Noakhali

Vision of success for CSISA - B

By the end of Year 5 (across six hubs):

60,000 HH (directly benefited) with net annual income increase of $350 per HH

300,000 HH (indirectly) through dissemination-related activities

>1 M HH (indirectly) through linkages, synergies and innovative partnerships

Why Invest in CSISA?

CSISA axioms for success

Farmers manage systems, not commodities. There is no universal template for agricultural development
(Bangladesh is a long way from Punjab)

Blending scientific rigor with participatory demand lead approaches is a must

(neither approach is transformative in isolation) )

Importance of Small Holder Agriculture

Food Security:
>40% Bangladesh malnourished . ~20% < 1,800 calories/day. Given the scale (>30-60 M people) safety nets cannot reach all of these people. requires increasing incomes of small commercial farmers. (40% of farmers= 80% production). Agriculture remains the main employer and high value ag. the best opportunity for reducing rural poverty. (Mellor, 2010)

Why CSISA?

Poverty : sustainable reduction in food insecurity

Nutrition : Urbanization and changing urban diets provides opportunities for

commercial smallholders. Also the need for health and agprofessionals to work together to identify and use food to solve nutrition issues.

Challenges to agricultural development

Land, Water, labor and energy shortages competition with other sectors Increasing costs of production Stagnating or low productivity growth declining cropping intensity Resource loss / degradation (land, water, soil) Coping with risk, salinity increases, climate variability,- extremes, and change

Why CSISA?

Why CSISA?: Potential Climate & Environmental Impacts n

nMain

impacts will be on agriculture nDrought + Overuse of ground water nFlood- cyclones and tidal surge, coastal and inland nSalinity increases throughout the coastal belt

Why CSISA ? Why farmers are not taking advantage of improved technologies?
KNOWLEDGE CAPITAL INPUTS LABOR RISK

Are key messages reaching farmers? Are technologies matched to needs of smallholders?

It can be done. The rice revolution in South America

(management gain 2 t / ha, )

Agronomic Revolution

Yield ton/ha

(semi-dwarfs 2 t / ha)

Variety revolution

350new varieties released

Peter Jennings, FLAR, 2005 Creation of FLAR .......................1968 1995 2002......................

CSISA Approaches :
Hubs are central to CSISA Represents the various agro-ecological zones Provide a focus for collaborative innovation, learning and impact. Bring together regional partners private sector, GOs & NGOs, Universities, farmer groups Provide a basis for localidentification and participatory testing of improved seed and appropriate management technologies.

the Hub

Why CSISA ? : approach

the hub

nerships with complementary strengths - essential for to achi

GOs Line Agencies : trainers DAE / DoF/DLS have extensive networks of

CSISA B priorities Strategic Partnerships for Delivery

National and International NGOs: BRAC, RDRS and others offer credit and business services at scale. MYAP implementers (e.g. CARE and SAVE) have close interactions with communities and individual households. Private sector actors principally focused on seed, some processing manufacturers. machinery and

The CGIAR specializes in developing science - based solutions with its NARs and University partners .

CSISA B priorities

Seeking Synergies

seek synergies with other programs with complementary

PRICE (USAID): CSISA will provide technologies to PRICE associations. IFDC(USAID): CSISA will work directly with IFAD- sharing technologies ensuring coordination. Katalyst (DFID, CIDA, SCD, GTZ): CSISA will utilize Value Chain programming in seed (cereal, fish, veg), contract growoutin maize and prawn, Challenge Program for Water and Food (CGIAR): CSISA use technologies and information developed by the CPWF. The CPWF is focused on saline affected areas of the Ganges Basin: Khulna/Barisal and Kolkata.

What will CSISA Do?

CSISA B priorities
Gift Tilapia

Technology Targeting ( e . g . elite seed )

Crops. Over 75 varieties of rice, wheat and maize developed. Varieties not sufficiently targeted to locations. Once released it takes 5-6 years for new varieties to become available. Fish: it has taken 20 years to spread GIFT Tilapia. Improved carp seed are not widely available.
Saline Tolerant Rice

CSISA B will promote systems and technologiesprivate sector, Government and NGOs- to speed the process of seed replication and delivery.

Salt Tolerant Maize

CSISA B priorities

Coping with reduced water and labor

Reduced costs

Minimum or zero tillage Residue retention Crop Rotation

Water use efficient

Resilience to climate risks Higher , more stable yields

Increased Improved soil quality

profitability

CSISA B priorities

Developing entrepreneurship
Small-scale commercialization of inputs and service provision offer strong possibilities for achieving impact at scale by overcoming bottlenecks (e.g. cost of machinery, training, etc.) CSISA-B will offer: Improved seed linkages (crops, vegetable and fish) technical training, market and marketing linkages, Example of viable business models for new entrepreneurs

CSISA B priorities
Coping with salinity increases matching environmental conditions opportunities to

Salt Tolerant Rice-Maize : In saline prone areas introduction and spread of salt tolerant varieties.
Shortduration rabicrops (mung, black pea and others ) Using CA and other techniques. In water rich areas spread cropping systems that include fish/shrimp as part of the crop rotation.

Reducing Risk Increasing Income Increasing Cropping Intensity

CSISA B priorities

Gender Mainstreaming
Women manage many facets of agricultural production in Bangladesh and are central to HH nutrition decisions. Gender will be central to CSISA-B activities will be conducted thru a gender lens. CISA looks for ways through which women farmers and entrepreneurs can increase productivity and income. CSISA-B household activities in fish, vegetables and livestock will be focused on women.

CSISA B priorities

Training and continuing education

Education is the foundation for national Food Security Linkages between educators and delivery are weak. Continuing education is lacking for GO and NGO staff as well as for private sector dealers and service providers.

CISISA-B will partner with research institutions, universities, and professional Many players, in strategy societies to create continuing education programs.

Strengthening and Using Regional Linkages

CSISA B priorities

Linking national research systems &

Rohu

omoting exchange of Genetic Resources and

Technologies

The CGIAR/CSISA has close ties with agriculture research in India. CSISA will use its ICAR-CGIAR linkages to facilitate exchange of genetic resources, particularly the introduction of improved Indian rohu and technologies in fish cryopreservation. Through CSISA we will link Indian and Bangladesh machine manufactorers that will include new seeders for our two-wheel power tillers

CGIAR onsultative Group on International Agricultur Research CGIAR Change

CGIAR donors (US is the largest) have required changes the 15 CG Centers (includes IRRI, CIMMYT and WorldFish). A new CGIAR Now focused on delivery of research results in a rapidly changing external environment. The reforms include the way the CGIAR is funded and operated giving rise to a more results-oriented research agenda, to clearer accountability across the CGIAR and to streamlined governance and programs.

Thank You

CSISA B priorities

Strengthening regional linkages

Linking national systems with each other and

Bangladesh to India and back again..

CSISA has a close working relationship with machinery manufacturers in India. These ties are being leverage to identify new market opportunities for scale- appropriate mechanization in Bangladesh, including new seeders for the Chinese two wheel tractor.

CSISA B priorities

Precision agriculture

General recommendations for fertilizers and other inputs are often not optimal, but improved site-specific management approaches must be modified for the conditions of smallholders. CSISA-B is collaborating with IPNI to develop a Nutrient Manager tool which can easily and economically be used in BD.

CSISA B priorities

Enterprise development

mers manage enterprises, not single commodities. CSISA-B focus integrated approaches to agricultural development.
AWD to reduce rice water requirements

Canal management (increase water supply) Intensified rabi cropping

Improved feeding and income generation

CSISA B priorities

People and markets

CSISA Rice Technologies

Seed
Short-duration varieties (e.g., Parija, BRRI dhan 33, BINA dhan 7, etc.) to mitigate monga in NW and to increase cropping intensity in all hubs Submergence-tolerant varieties (e.g., BRRI dhan 51, 52) Salinity-tolerant varieties (e.g., BRRI dhan 47, 53, 54)

Rice Technologies
DSR varieties AWD/UDP/FDP IRRI Super bags for storage of rice seed/grain (and other crops), etc. Nutrient Manager for Rice (and other crops) -> Mobile phone applications

CSISA Climate Change Adaption Flood: Rice Delivery of varieties (BRRI 51, 52) that can withstand submergence, new cropping patterns Long term: development of maize tolerant to water logging.

After 14 days of submergence (left) and the same field after 3 months (right).

CSISA B priorities

Increasing resource use efficiency

tion negatively affect yield and profitability of winter crop pproaches which can increase the efficiency of water utilizat

CSISA Fish/ShrimpTechnologies

1.Fish Seed: Improving Quality- Speeding Introductions 2.Household Ponds: Small Micro- Nutrient Dense Fish 3.Commercial Fish

4.Fish/shrimp in cereal cropping systems 3. 4.