Introduction to ISDN

Prepared by:  Mehdi Kereshteh  Payam Kaywan

University of Science & Technology of Mazandaran 21/8/1384

What is ISDN?
  

ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network Telephone services Telecommunication services Used for voice, image and data

ISDN protocols
E - series for Telephone network and ISDN  I - series for ISDN concepts, aspects and interfaces


Fundamentals


Types of channels
Bearer channel (B-channel=64 kb/s) clear pipe for data Delta channel (D-channel, 16 kb/s or 64 kb/s) call signaling information:
  

who is calling type of call calling what number

Fundamentals


Service types
Basic Rate Interface (2 B channels + 1 D channel (16 kb/s)) Primary Rate Interface (30 B channels + 1 D channel (64 kb/s))

Advantages of ISDN
 

Digital
reliable connection

Speed
128 kb/s (160 kb/s) for BRI 1920 kb/s (2048 kb/s) for PRI

Fast call setup

2 seconds

Advantages of ISDN (2)

 

Bandwidth on Demand
adding new channels to the bundle of channels

Multiple devices
phone, fax, PC, videoconferencing system, router, terminal adapter,.. each with its own sub-address

ISDN and OSI model

Layer1 - Physical  Layer2 - Data Link  Layer3 Network


Interfaces and Devices (1)



Interfaces
S/T (4w) U (2w)

Devices
NT1 TE1 - ISDN devices TE2 - analog devices (need TA) TA - Terminal Adapter (rate adaptation (V.110, V.120)

Interfaces and Devices (2)

ISDN devices TE1 4W S/T interface TE2 Analog devices: phone, Fax III,... TA Rate adaptation 2W U interface

NT1

ISDN Access Servers (1)



Digital modems (accepting analog and ISDN calls)

software busy-out feature

56 kbit/s technologies  Rate adaptation (V.110, V.120,..)  Compression (Stack,..)  Synchronous PPP (with CHAP/PAP authentication)


ISDN Access Servers (2)

    

PPP Multilink BACP (Bandwidth Allocation Control

Protocol)

Controlling the number of B-channels per user D-channel based callback CLIP - Caller Line Identification Presentation

56 k Technology
Analog line Digital line
Telephone switch

Access server

Telephone switch

Modem

<= 33,6 kbps

Telephone switch

Modem

Access server

Modem

<= 56 kbps <= 33,6 kbps

ISDN, E1,..

56 k Prerequisites
 

Only one analogue/digital conversion

less noise and faster digital lines

Digital Access Server  Same technology in Access Server and in dial-up modem
56K Flex from Lucent Technologies and Rockwell X2 from U.S. Robotics, Texas Instruments and Cirrus Logic V.90 - ITU-T standard (to be confirmed in 9/98)

56 k Considerations
 

56 k not reached in reality

45 kbps practical maximum

Cost for upgrading equipment to ITU-T standard

Using ISDN for IP Data Networks (1)



Characteristics
Speed Fast call setup Bandwidth on Demand

Using ISDN for IP Data Networks (2)



Modes of Usage
Dial Up (LAN or host) Bandwidth on Demand Backup lines Permanent connections

Dial Up


Providers need:
subscribe for PRI connections or multiple BRI connections ISDN Access Server

Dial Up


Users need for host connections:

subscribe for BRI connection ISDN Adapter

Users need for LAN connections

subscribe for PRI or BRI connection ISDN router (commercial, PC version with ISDN Adapter,..)

Dial Up - Private
Internet ISDN Access server

ISDN connection Telephone Network

PC with internal or external ISDN adapter

ISDN connection

Dial Up - LAN
Internet ISDN Access Server LAN ISDN connection Telephone Network ISDN connection ISDN router

ISDN Adapters
Internal/external  Active/passive (for internal)  Integrated NT  Plug for telephone line  Integrated modem  Synchronous PPP (with CHAP/PAP authentication)


ISDN Adapters 2
PPP Multilink  Rate adaption (V.110, V.120,..)  CAPI  Compression (Stac,)


ISDN Routers
      

Integrated NT Plug for telephone line Integrated modem Synchronous PPP (with CHAP/PAP authentication) PPP Multilink Compression (Stac,) Tariff management

Bandwidth on Demand
Router to router connections  ISDN call setup when leased line overloaded


Backup lines
Router to router connections  ISDN call setup when leased line fails


Equipment


ALL EQUIPMENT COMPATIBLE with existing national ISDN services

Test new equipment first

ISDN Architecture
Network

Subscriber premises

>64kbps non-switched capabilities >64kbps switched capabilities 64kbps ckt non-switched capabilities

Subscriber interface to ISDN

Terminal equipment (TE)

Digital subscriber loop to C. O.

Network Termination (NT)

ISDN switch

>64kbps ckt switched capabilities

ISDN switch

Subscriber site or service provider

Packet switched capabilities

User-network signaling

Frame mode capabilities Commonchannel signaling capabilities

User-network signaling

Transmission Structure
B Channel: 64 kbps  D Channel: 16 or 64 kbps  H Channel: 384 (H0), 1536 (H1), or 1920 (H12) kbps  Basic Rate Interface  Primary Rate Interface


ISDN Channel Structures

B B
Basic Service:
Basic Management rate: 192 kbps Standard throughput: 144 kbps Composition: B + B + D channels, + Synch & framing

Information:
Voice, Data

Signaling:
Overhead or telemetry, etc.

B B PCM voice
channels

Primary Service:

Primary

Rate: 1.544/2.048 Mbps Composition: 2.048 Mbps: 30 B at 64 kbps each 2 D at 64 kbps 1.544 Mbps: 23 B at 64 kbps each 1 D at 64 kbps

B D Signaling

Ordering ISDN connections

With or without NT1  Type of NT (NT1, NT1+2ab,)  Types of B-channels (data, voice,both)  Usage of D-channel packet data  CLIP (Calling Line Identification Presentation)  Standard or comfort services


National ISDN variations

USA: 5ESS/DMS100/NI-1/NI-2  Europe: NET3  France: VN2/VN3/NET33  Germany: 1TR6/NET3  Japan  Australia


References - URLs
 

  

http://www.alumni.caltech.edu/~dank/isdn/ for RFCs: http://www.alumni.caltech.edu/~dank/isdn/isdn_ai .html#RFCS http://www.data.com http://www.pacbell.com/products/business/fastrak/ networking/isdn/info/isdn-guide http://www.adtran.com/support/isu/mpfaq.html