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Uses two RC networks connected to the positive terminal to form a frequency selective feedback network Causes Oscillations to Occur
Modification to Circuit
Analysis
V o( s )
Analysis
Analysis
Need to find the Gain over the whole Circuit: Operational amplifier gain Vo/Vs
G V1( s ) Vs ( s ) 1+ R2 R1
V o( s )
V 1( s )
Z 2( s ) Z 1( s ) + Z 2( s )
V o( s )
G V s( s )
sRC s R C + 3 s R C + 1
2 2 2
Analysis
We now have an equation for the overall circuit gain
T( s ) V o( s ) V s( s )
2 2
s R C G s R C + 3 s R C + 1
2
( 1 2 R2 C2) + 3 j R C
j R C G
Analysis
In order to have a phase shift of zero, 1 R C
2 2 2
This happens at = RC 1/ T( j) G 3
4.0V
G=3
0V
G = 2.9
0V
G= 3.05
0V
0V
When output voltage is positive, D1 turns on and R9 is switched in parallel causing G to drop
When output voltage is negative, D2 turns on and R9 is switched in parallel causing G to drop
With the use of diodes, the non-ideal op-amp can produce steady oscillations.
4.0V
0V
Frequency Analysis
By changing the resistor and capacitor values in the positive feedback network, the output frequency can 1nF changed. R := 10k C := be
:= f := 1 RC 2 = 1 10
5 rad
sec
f = 15.915kHz
Frequency Analysis
4.0V 2.0V 0V 0Hz V(D2:2) Frequency
10KHz
20KHz
30KHz
40KHz
Frequency Analysis
Conclusions
No Input Signal yet Produces Output Oscillations Can Output a Large Range of Frequencies With Proper Configuration, Oscillations can go on indefinitely