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Parameters
Heifer
Preparatory Stage
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
Filling of udder. -udder swollen. -skin stretched tight over udder and teats. Loosening of pelvic ligaments. Swelling and edema of vulva. Vulvar discharge, (thick and clear). Isolation; separates from the herd.
Normal Parturition
1. 2. 3.
Continuous process 3 stages: Cervical dilatation Fetal expulsion Fetal membrane (placenta) expulsion Dystocia= Any stage slow or abnormal
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Closed cervix
Uterine Contractions
Increase
Cause pain and restlessness in cow. Result in softening and dilatation of cervix. As nose and feet of fetus enter cervix, it is pushed into cervix causing further dilatation.
Environmental factors.
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Allantoic sac passes through the cervix, (sometimes visible at the vulva). (contains large amount of urine from the fetus).
Sac ruptures; water pours out. Temporary cessation in contractions. Passage to Expulsion Stage. >>>>> Stage
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press (every 1-3 min) Chorioallantoic (Water) sac ruptures (Water Amniotic sac and legs appear in vulva Normal length 2-4 hours Heifers: longer Progressive process Stage 3 placenta expulsion in 8-12 hrs
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During
birth process, the calf is stretching and moving into the correct position.
Dead
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Once
the head is birthed the rest of the body is passed relatively quickly. umbilical cord tears when the calf calfs hips pass the cows pelvic cow canal.
The
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Gui
li
f rI t r
ti
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Calving Pens
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vulva, (soap, disinfectant). Use proper hygiene: Clean hands. Lubrication: Oil base or water base? Tail to side, (tied to cow). Vital signs: Live or dead?
Feet withdrawal, mouth and tongue Eye, anal sphincter, heartbeat, naval pulse.
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Terminology
Presentation:
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Anterior presentation
Two front legs and head.
Posterior
presentation
Two rear legs and tail.
(90%) 90%)
(10%) 10%)
Limb identification
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Standing; 10 cm
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Posterior Presentation
If
the fetlock, (meta-tarsus), can be (metapulled a hands breadth beyond the hand vulva with two helpers pulling, the calf can be delivered vaginally.
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Oversized Fetus
Alternate
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Oversized Fetus
Alternate traction to the hindlimbs
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Hip Lock
The
calf calfs hips can get stuck in the pelvic canal. This can cause damage of the Obturator nerve and paralysis. some cases the calf can be rotated 90 degrees to gain more room.
In
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Standing or Recumbant?
From
the perspective of the cow and calf, it is preferable to perform the calving with the cow in the recumbent position. position.
The uterus is in a better position in relation to the entrance of the pelvic canal. The calf is pushed deeper into the pelvic canal.
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Standing or Recumbent?
Recumbent position contd:
The
The cow doesnt fall. doesn The cows pushing is more effective. cow The iliosacral joint can move
much easier creating in effect a larger pelvic canal.
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We have measured, laid the cow down, cleaned, lubricated, attached ropes. What now? Anterior Presentation
Step One: Pull in direction of the udder, (to avoid vaginal tears), until the shoulders pass and the head is out. Step Two: Rotate the calf 90 degrees, (back toward the ground), if there is hiphip-lock. Switch the ropes and pull straight ahead. -Pull only during the cows contractions. cow
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Posterior Presentation
Delivery takes longer. Increase in mortality rate. a. The fetus cant align itself as well. can b. The cervix doesnt dilate as effectively. doesn -Rear legs dont work as well. don -Weaker contractions. -Decreased oxytocin secretion. c. Greater likelihood of umbilical cord rupturing before the calf can breathe. Important to move quickly!
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If the measurements are correct and the cow is recumbent, you dont need more don strength than two strong adults.
The
puller has the ability to pull with the strength of seven people.
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Disadvantages
You cant feel the power that is being can exerted. It is harder to rotate the calf. You are limited in pulling direction.
Advantages
You dont need to wake your neighbor. don You have control over the situation. +You shouldnt use the puller as a diagnostic shouldn tool.
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head, neck, and/or legs are not in a normal position in relation to the body.
Should be performed with cow standing, if possible. has Milk Fever, treat first with If the cow calcium. You can push the calf inside in order to create more room to work. Once the re-positioning is complete, assist the recow according to all the rules already covered.
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Difficult Postures
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Carpal Position
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Shoulder Position
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Hock Flexion
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Hock Position
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Breech Position
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Vertex Posture
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Twins
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Twins
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Tocolytics
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Epidural anesthesia
2% Procaine 2% Lignocain
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Placental Separation
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Fetotomy
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Hydrops Hydrallantois
Normal Uterus
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Uterine torsion
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