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Wideband Spectrum Sensing

Wideband Spectrum Sensing


pada Cognitive Radio
pada Cognitive Radio
: Oleh
( ) Chaeriah Wael 2210203005
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
Block Diagram of Wideband
Block Diagram of Wideband
( & Spectrum Sensing Mishali
( & Spectrum Sensing Mishali
) Eldar
) Eldar
x(t)
p
1
(t)
h(t)

t = nT
y
1
[n]
h(t)
p
m
(t)
y
m
[n]
S
CTF

S
C

z
l
[n]
Accurate carriers recovery
+
Per band sequence recovery
f
i
s
i
[n]
Modulated Wadeband Converter Support Detection
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
Block Diagram of Wideband
Block Diagram of Wideband
( & Spectrum Sensing Mishali
( & Spectrum Sensing Mishali
) Eldar
) Eldar
DSP
I[n]
Q[n]
f
i
s
i
[n]
Pulse
Shaping
Pulse
Shaping
p(t)
cos (
i
t)
p(t)
sin (
i
t)

x(t)
^
Per band analog reconstraction
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
M
M
ultiband Communication
ultiband Communication
Motivation :
-
RF transmitters modulate the narrowband information on
relatively high carrier frequencies
-
The receiver sees a sum of several transmission, but
doesnt know their location
-
In real-life scenarios, commercial narrowband
transmissions are just a few MHz wide
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
Let B(F) the class of continuous complex-value signals of finite energy, bandlimited to a subset F of the real line (consisting of a finite union of bounded intervals) :
Where
M
M
ultiband Signal Model
ultiband Signal Model


f
1
f
2
f
3
f
N 0
f
max
Wideband = high carrier frequencies (GHz and up)
Sparse = only small fraction of the spectrum is occupied
Observation :
Known f
i
subspace
Unknown f
i
Union of Subspace

N
i
i i
t f Bt c B E t x
1
) 2 ( cos ) ( sin ) (
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
MWC Sampling Stage
MWC Sampling Stage
x(t)
p
1
(t)
h(t)

t = nT
s
y
1
[n]
h(t)

p
i
(t)
y
i
[n]
h(t)
p
m
(t)
y
m
[n]
With {+1, -1} ;

Mixing function p
i
(t)
1 0
, ) 1 ( , ) (

+
M k
M
T
k t
M
T
k t p
p p
ik i

ik

) ( ) ( t p nT t p
i p i
+
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
( ) Frequency Domain Analysis 1
( ) Frequency Domain Analysis 1

( )
p
l
il
t
T
f j
l
il
ft j
l
lt
T
j
il
i i
ft j
i i
lf f X c
dt e t x c
dt e e c t x
t p t x t x dengan dt e t x f X
p
p

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|


1
2
2
2
2
) (
) (
) ( ). ( ) (
~
) (
~
) (
~

Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing


( ) Frequency Domain Analysis 2
( ) Frequency Domain Analysis 2

( )
( ) ] 2 / , 2 / [ ,
) (
] [ ) (
2
2
2 2
0
0
s s p
l
il
ft j
L
L l
lt
T
j
il
fnT j
n
i
fT j
i
f f f lf f X c
dt e t x e c
e n y e Y
p
s s
+


S S
F F


The exact value of L
0
is calculated by :
1
2 2
) 1 (
2
0 0

]
]
]
]

+
+ +
p
s Nyq Nyq
p
s
f
f f
L
f
f L
f
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
Parameters Choise for Sampling
Parameters Choise for Sampling
Let x(t) be an arbitrary signal within the multiband model M, which is sampled using MWC with f
p
= B. Necessary condition to allow exact spectrum-blind recovery (of an arbitrary x(t) M ) are f
s
f
p
, m 2N.
For mixing with sign waveform an additional necessary requirement is :
untuk f
s
f
p
, M
min
= L = 2L
0
+ 1
Theorem 1 (Necessary Conditions)
1
2
1
2
2
min

]
]
]
]

+

p
Nyq
f
f
M M
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
Parameters Choise for Sampling
Parameters Choise for Sampling
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
Parameters Choise for Sampling
Parameters Choise for Sampling
Let x(t) be an arbitrary signal within the multiband model M, which is sampled using MWC with sign waveform p
i
(t) if :
1) f
s
f
p
B,and f
s
/ f
p
is not too large
2) M

M
min
, where M
min
= L = 2L
0
+ 1
3) M N for non-blind reconstruction or m 2N for blind
4) Every 2N columns of SF are linearly independent, then for every f F
s
, the vector z(f) is unique N-sparse solution.
Theorem 2 (Sufficient Conditions)
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
Reconstruction Stage
Reconstruction Stage
Paradigm
Paradigm
Solve finite
problem
Reconstruct

| `









. ,
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
S = non-zero rows
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
Reconstruction Stage
Reconstruction Stage
Algorithm
Algorithm
CTF
CTF block
Solve finite
problem
Reconstruct
MMV
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
Wideband Spectrum Sensing
Wideband Spectrum Sensing
( ) previous work
( ) previous work
Moslem Rashidi :

L,p,C
t
i
= nT
s
+ c
i
Non-uniform ADC Interpolation
L
L
R = <X
k
,X
f
>
Non-uniform ADC
Active Channel :
AIC, MDL, EFT
Spectral detection :
MUSIC, NLLS
Chaeriah Wael - Spectrum Sensing
References
References
M. Mishali, Y. C. Eldar, and J. A. Tropp, Efficient sampling of
sparse wideband analog signals, in Proc. of IEEEI, 25
th

convention, Dec. 2008, pp. 290294.

M. Mishali and Y. C. Eldar, Blind multiband signal reconstruction :


Compressed sensing for analog signals, IEEE Trans. Signal
Process., vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 9931009, Mar. 2009.

M. Mishali and Y. C. Eldar, Xampling. Part I: Practice, CCIT


Report no. 747, EE Dept., Technion - Israel Institute of
Technology; arXiv.org 0911.0519, Oct. 2009.

Thank You

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