NANOMEDICINE

Yuvaraj.V Officer-CME BioZenix Pharmaceuticals Chennai

Contents
Introduction What is Nanomedicine? Methods and Implementations of Nanomedicine Future of Nanomedicine Cautions!! Nano - Hazards

Introduction
Health Health Care Health Care Team Human Body Food Digestion Biological Communication Chemical Aspects Electrical Aspects Biomolecules
Carbohydrate Protein Lipids Nucleic Acid

Subcellular Structures

Cells are full of structures on the nanometer scale!

The biomolecules are nano sized materials

Protein
Hemoglobin Lipoprotein

MW
68KDa 130KDa 90KDa 406KDa

Size
4.5x7nm 20 nm 4.3x26 nm 4x76 nm

K-globulin
Fibrinogen

What is Nanomedicine?
Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology (the engineering of tiny machines) to the prevention and treatment of disease in the human body. Nanomedicine the science and technology of diagnosing, treating and preventing disease and traumatic injury, of relieving pain, and of preserving and improving human health, using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the human body.

Medical Applications of Nanotechnology

Diagnostics Therapeutics Pharmaceuticals Prevention

Other potential applications

 Nano biomaterials  Drug development and drug discovery  Regenerative medicine  Stem cell therapy  Implants Nano coating  Cosmetic applications  Toxicological aspects target delivery can reduce the toxicity of medicine.

Various molecules were developed as nanodevices for nanotherapeutic applications are:

Liposome

 Liposomes are artificially prepared vesicles made of lipid bilayer  Liposomes can be filled with drugs, and used to deliver drugs for cancer and other diseases  This improve the bioavailability of a drug

Dendrimer

Dendrimers are repeatedly branched, roughly spherical large molecules Different types are there, used as a radioligands, imaging agents, or pharmaceutically active compounds Used for drug delivery, gene delivery and Sensors.

Gold Nanoshell

A nanoshell is a type of spherical nanoparticle consisting of a dielectric core which is covered by a thin metallic shell (usually gold) Used for biomedical imaging and cancer treatment.

Quantum dots

Quantum dots are semi conductor devices Quantum dots are stable and allow their use as molecular labels, for study of the earliest signs of cancer and to track facilitates analysis of low-abundant proteins and proteins that can also be isolated from limited source material Used for cellular imaging

Fullerene

A fullerene is composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Spherical fullerenes are also called bucky balls, cylindrical ones are called carbon nano tubes or bucky tubes. Used to making nano devices and drug carrier

Methods and Implementations of Nanomedicine

Diagnosis
 

Cancer Imaging (Quantum Dots) Identification of precise targets (cells and receptors)

  

Biomarkers Biolabeling Cantilever

Targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs)

Kills cancer tumors

Methods and Implementations of Nanomedicine

Therapeutic
i. ii. Nanocarriers for therapy Cancer therapy

iii. Nanonephrology Nanotechnological membrane filters are used for dialysis patients

Cancer therapy
Schematic summary of drug delivery vehicles currently used for the delivery of anticancer drug resistance combination therapy (selected examples)

Methods and Implementations of Nanomedicine

Pharmaceuticals

Designed to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs Drug Delivery Chips lipid- or polymer-based nanoparticles Nanocarriers Smart Dressings Target drug delivery Can alter the pharmacokinetics

     

Smart Dressings

Acticoat (with SILCRYST Nanocrystals)

Dressings offer powerful antimicrobial barrier protection The nanocrystalline coating of pure silver delivers antimicrobial barrier activity

Nano emulsion

Nano emulsion can easily absorbed by skin

The difference between traditional drug delivery and nanotherapeutic drug delivery

Methods and Implementations of Nanomedicine

Prevention
i. ii. iii. Nanocarriers Sun screen lotion Face mask

Sunscreen with nanoparticles

Nano titanium dioxides Nano zinc oxides - blocks UV light from sun that can cause skin cancer

Nanoparticles enhance the intrinsic filtration efficiency of the media by acting as a destructive absorbent to kill virus and bacteria that come in contact with the filtration system

Methods and Implementations of Nanomedicine

Research
Rational delivery and targeting of pharmaceutical ii. Therapeutic and diagnostic agents iii. Nano Sensors and Nano Probes iv. Tissue Engineering Scaffold v. Nanorobotics vi. Nanoshell These are at the forefront of research projects in Nanomedicine
There are still lots of advances needed to improve in nanomedicine

i.

Future of Nanomedicine

Dawn of the Nanobot End of Aging Birth of the Superhuman

Nanobot

In future
Nanobot can enhances the brain cells giving more space for knowledge and learning Nanobot can used to avoid pregnancy Nanobot can used to clean up the cholesterol in our blood stream Disease killing nanobots - This nanobot is programmed to find all things that dont belong in the body and destroy them

Cautions!!
Biocompatibility Nano Toxicity Although nanotechnology has significant impact in all felids of life Nanotechnology has increased risk to the health also , nanoparticles due to there their small size can cause inhalation problem and many other fatal diseases. by just inhaling for 60 seconds in the air contain nano particles can damage lungs easily. Pulmonary toxicity Toxic to blood cells Nano Hazards Environmental impacts Ethical issues

Nanotech Hazards
Penetrate living cells and accumulate in animal organs

Changes in the proteins in the blood stream could trigger dangerous effects like blood clotting

Nanotech Hazards
Release the particles

Reaction of humans and existing environment

Opinion
Nanomedicine offers the possibility of new diagnostic, treatment and preventive methods that may open up promising areas of medicine. Nanotechnology is the one which is going to rule tomorrows world. But everything depends on how we are going to utilize the technology. It has the ability to both develop the world and the same time to destruct also.

biomedyuva@gmail.com