Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
The supply chain is simply another way of saying the whole process of business.
Chapter 1
CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.
1-1
Warehousing
Transportation
Customers
Factory
Information flows
Transportation
Vendors/plants/ports Warehousing
CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.
Transportation
1-2
Logistics Defined
Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from the point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.
Evolution of Logistics
1-6
Physical distribution Distribution Distribution engineering Business logistics Marketing logistics Distribution logistics
Material management Material logistics management Logistics Quick-response systems Supply chain management Industrial logistics
1-7
Reverse logistics
Products become obsolete, damaged, or nonfunctioning and are returned to their source points for repair or disposition .
Forward logistics channel
Manufacturer Central return center Retailer Customer
(D)
Retailer Central return center
Chargeback (D)
Customer
Defective toaster(D)
Refunds
Toaster Manufacturer
Activity fra
CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.
1-9
1-5
Gettin
CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.
1-11
1-12
Importance of logistics
Logistics adds time and place utility Form utility: making materials available in a completed state Time utility : at the right time Place utility : in the right place Possession utility : allowing the customer to take ownership of the item
14 1-14
Importance of Logistics
Cost are significant Supply and distribution lines are lengthening Logistics is important strategy Logistic adds significant customer value Customers increasingly want quick customized response Logistics in non-manufacturing areas Service industry Military Environment
1-15
Toyota has 35 plants in 25 countries outside of Japan. Exports were down 9%, overseas production was up 16%. Uses the JIT concept to supply parts across the pacific. Outsourcing adds value, but it requires more careful management of logistics costs and product-flow times in the supply channel.
Customers increasingly want quick customized response. Fast food retailer, ATM, fast package delivery, internet, can be made available in increasingly shorter times. Improved information system, Financial Mgt Systems have led marketplace toward mass customization. EX: Gateway 2000, a desktop computer company, will configure a PC to exact hardware requirement of the customer and even install requested software. L.L. Bean offers a wide assortment of clothing sizes.
Physical supply (Materials management) Sources of supply Plants/ operations Transportation Inventory maintenance Order processing Acquisition Protective packaging Warehousing Materials handling Information maintenance
Physical distribution
Customers Transportation Inventory maintenance Order processing Product scheduling Protective packaging Warehousing Materials handling Information maintenance
1-14
Key Activities/Processes
Primary
Secondary, or supporting - Warehousing - Materials handling - Acquisition (purchasing) - Protective packaging - Product scheduling - Order processing
1-19
Acquire
Convert
Product and information flow
Distribute
1-20
Reality of SC Scope
1-21
The Multi-Dimensions of SC
a niz rga ero Int n tio na rdi oo lc na tio
Int
erf un
cti o
na lc oo rdi na tio n
The Multi-Dimensions of SC
1-23
Study Framework
CONTROLLING
1-24
PLANNING
Customer service goals The product Logistics service Ord. proc. & info. sys.
ORGANIZING
Inventory Strategy Forecasting Inventory decisions Purchasing and supply scheduling decisions Storage fundamentals Storage decisions
1-26
1-27
Productionlogistics interface
Marketinglogistics interface
1-21
Logistics
1-22
1-30
Move and store a physical product (narrow view) logistics can be applied to service industries, the military, and even the management of the environment.
31
Service industry
Ex:McDonald, Dow Jones, Sears, Roebuck, Hospital emergency medical care: distribution activities and make decision. FedEX must locate terminals and UPS route pickup and delivery trucks.
32
Military
WWII (inventory, transportation) U.S. v.s. Irag. The logistics support in that war is yet another illustration of what world-class companies good logistics can be a source of competitive advantage.
33
Environment
Recycle, reuse, refurbished reduce waste. Reverse logistics: Box 1.9 example. In Germany, the government requires retail grocers to collect cereal boxes at the point of sale. The seller has the responsibility for recovery of the spent materials and their repackaging and reuse or their disposal.
34