Application of Digital Relay Protection on APUA T&D Network

Presented by: Li Zhengrong Substation Maintenance & Protection Engineer Andre MatthiasDivision Manager

Electricity/ transmission & Distribution Division

Antigua Public Utilities Authority

July 23-25, 2002

2002 Carilec Engineers Conference

Montego Bay, Jamaica

Application of Digital Relay Protection on APUA T&D Network

KEY WORDS

Application Communication 69kV Lines

Digital Relay Software 11kV Feeders

Protection Workstation

1.General information
1.1 Introduction of APUA electric power system
The total installed generation capacity is 64.5MW and the present peak load is 34.8MW; Eight (8) 69kV transmission lines operating in close-ring are 59.2kM in length; Twenty-two (22) 11kV feeders radiating and covering entire Island are 539kM in length; Twelve (12) 69/11kV power transformers at seven (7) step-up/-down substations possess a total installed capacity of 160.34MVA.

1.General Information
1.2 . Requirement for relay upgrade

1.2.1 11kv primary feeders: a. Under-frequency protection feature for load-shedding; b. One-shot re-closing c. fuse-saving scheme

1.General Information
1.2 . Requirement for relay upgrade (continued)

1.2.2 69kv transmission lines: a. eliminate protection dead zones b. reduce duration of faults on power system c. prevent equipment damage d. differentiate max. load current from min. fault current e. avoid misoperation of current balance protection.

1.General Information
1.3 Relay protection upgrade project

Replacing electromagnetic distance relay protections on 69kv transmission lines with 351 digital relays was done in 2000; Replacing electronic relays on 11kv feeders with DFP-100 and 351/551 digital relays was done in 2001; Replacing differential relays on 69/11kv power transformers with SEL-587 relays is in progress. The entire upgrade project that was from project design, settings calculation to relay programming, installing and testing, was carried out by APUA staff.

2. Application of Digital Relays on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.1 Fundamental Protection Feature

2.1.1 Phase-to-phase protection(positive-sequence protection 50P) Instantaneous over-current with time-delay(50PH ) Time-definite over-current (50PL) 2.1.2 Earth fault protection (zero-sequence protection 50N) Time-definite zero-sequence over-current (50N) 2.1.3 Under-frequency protection for load-shedding (81U1,81U1T) 2.1.4 re-closing One-shot re-closing (SH0) is activated only under phase-to-phase fault

2. Application of Digital Relay on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.2 Definition of protection zone

A. Phase-to-phase protection(50P)
Instantaneous over-current with time-delay(50PH), protects entire primary feeder and primary side of distribution power transformers; Time-definite over-current (50PL) as backup protection of 50PH and fuse links, protects entire primary feeder and both sides of distribution transformers.

Protection zone is shown in Figure 1 .

2. Application of Digital Relay on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.2 Definition of protection zone (continued)

Relay

Solid link Fuse link 1 Fuse link 2 Fuse link 3 50PH 50PL

Figure 1 phase-to-phase over-current protection

2. Application of Digital Relays on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.2 Definition of protection zone
(continued)

B. Earth fault protection(50N) Time-definite zero-sequence over-current (50N) as backup protection of fuse links, protects entire primary feeder and primary sides of distribution transformers under earth fault circumstance. Protection zone is shown in Figure 2 .

2. Application of Digital Relay on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.2 definition of protection zone (continued)

Relay Fuse link 1

Solid link Fuse link 2

50NH

Figure 2

earth-fault protection

2. Application of Digital Relay on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.2 Definition of protection zone (continued)

C. Fuse link protection Fuse link immediately clears faults on both sides of protected distribution transformer; Fuse link clears faults on protected branch of primary line.

Protection zone is shown in Figure 3.

2. Application of Digital Relay on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.2 definition of protection zone (continued)

Relay

Solid link Fuse link 1

Fuse link 2
Fuse link 3

Figure 3 protection zone of fuse link

2. Application of Digital Relay on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.3. The trip-saving scheme A. Fuse link
Fuse link blows out first to clear faulted branch or distribution transformer

B. Phase-to-phase protection(50P)
Instantaneous over-current with time-delay(50PH) acts as backup protection for fuse links; Time-definite over-current (50PL) performs as remote backup protection for both 50PH and fuse links.

2. Application of Digital Relay on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.3 The trip-saving scheme (continued) C. Earth fault protection(50N)
Time-definite zero-sequence over-current (50N) acts as backup protection for fuse links.

D. One-shot reclosing (SH0)

One-shot reclosing is activated under phase-to-phase faulty condition (Notice: Consider to avoid a human being or an animal to be shocked twice while carelessly touching a live conductor; one-shot re-closing is replaced by manual re-closing under earth fault circumstance).

2. Application of Digital Relay on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.4 The fuse-saving scheme
A. Phase-to-phase protection(50P) Instantaneous over-current without time-delay(50PH) will immediately clear fault and then be locked by one-shot re-closing after circuitbreaker tripping. After 5 seconds, the feeder will be closed by one-shot re-closing successfully if the temporary fault disappears at once; The permanent fault area will be isolated by related fuse link from entire feeder, or time-definite over-current (50PL) trips entire feeder

B. Earth fault protection(50N)

Functions as same as that in the trip-saving scheme

2. Application of Digital Relay on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.5 Recorded trips of 11kv feeders

Date: Cause:

December 13, 2001 a freak storm 11 19 1 temporary 18 (12 temporary; 6 permanent)

Total tripped Feeders: Total trip times: Phase-to-ground fault: Phase-to-phase fault:

2. Application of Digital Relays on 11kV Primary Feeders

2.6 Under-frequency protection for load-shedding

a. Under-frequency protection with under-voltage supervision:

Use under-frequency trip (81UT) with under-voltage supervision(27U) logic to eliminate unnecessary trip under phase-to-phase fault. The trip logic is programmed as: trip=81UT*!27U

b. Circulatory change of trip sequence:

The different under-frequency settings and same over-current settings can be preset in each of 6 groups for circulatory change of trip sequence by activating certain settings group.

3. Application of Digital Relay on 69KV Transmission lines

3.1 Protection Feature

3.1.1 Phase-to-phase protection (positive-sequence protection 50P) Directional instantaneous over-current without time-delay(Zone one 67P1) Directional instantaneous over-current with time-delay (Zone two 67P2) Directional time-definite over-current protection (Zone three 67P3)

3. Application of Digital Relay on 69KV Transmission lines

3.1 Protection Feature
(continued)

3.1.2 earth fault protection(zero-sequence protection 50N)

Directional instantaneous over-current without time-delay(Zone one 67N1) Directional instantaneous over-current with time-delay (Zone two 67N2) Directional time-definite over-current protection (Zone three 67N3) Directional time-definite over-current protection for phase-loss supervision (Zone four 67N4) Zero-sequence over-voltage with time-delay (59N) as a complement

3. Application of Digital Relay on 69KV Transmission lines

3.1 Protection Feature

3.1.3 re-closing
Synchronize-check (25A) or non-voltage check (27S) to initiate re-closing One-shot re-closing (SH0) is activated only under phase-to-phase fault

3. Application of Digital Relay on 69KV Transmission lines

3.2 Clockwise /Anticlockwise Coordination Route
TmaxOLD=2.60Seconds TmaxNOW=1.85Seconds 8 7 9 12 10 11 13 TmaxOLD=2.60Seconds TmaxNOW=1.85Seconds 14

15

Cassada G G Friars Hill G G G G Crabbs K3 16 Union Road 6 Belmont 5 4 Swetes 3 2 Lavington 1 G

Figure 4 Clockwise in blue starts at # 1 CB and ends at #11/13 C.B Anticlockwise in red starts at #10/12 and ends at #14 C.B

3. Application of Digital Relay on 69KV Transmission lines

3.3 Reduce Duration of Fault Clearing a. The recommended time difference between adjacent relays is 0.4-0.6 Seconds for electromagnetic relays and 0.25-0.3seconds for digital/ electronic relays; b. The maximum time setting was coordinated as 2.60 seconds for previous electromagnetic distance relays numbered 11,13 and 14, and that for SEL digital relay protections at same location is 1.85seconds. c. The net decrease of time settings between two kinds of protections is 0.75seconds.

2. Application of Digital Relay on 69KV Transmission lines

3.4 Eliminate protection dead zone

3.4.1 Zero-sequence over-voltage (59N) as a complement at some lines while close-ring of transmission lines is opened at some certain point Case A CB #1 opens (see Figure 5) Case B CB #9 opens (see Figure 6) 3.4.2 distinguish maximum load current ILD from minimum fault current IF at 69kV section breaker # 15 by load-encroachment Logic (see Figures 7&8)

3. Application of Digital Relay on 69KV Transmission lines

3.4 Eliminate protection dead zone(continued)
K(1.0)
O/V

Earth fault 7 9 12 10 11 13 14

15

Y/YO

Y/YO

Y/YO

Y/YO

YO/D

YO/D

YO/D

YO/D

Cassada G G Friars Hill G G G G Crabbs G

16

1 Opened

Figure 5 Case A circuit-breaker #1 opens

3. Application of Digital Relay on 69KV Transmission lines

3.4 Eliminate protection dead zone(continue)
Opened

O/V

Opened

12

10

11

13

15

14

Y/YO

Y/YO

Y/YO

Y/YO

YO/D

YO/D

YO/D

YO/D

K(1.0) Cassada G G Friars Hill K(1.0) G G G G Crabbs G

K(1.0) 16 6
O/V

K(1.0) 4
O/V

O/V

Figure 6 Case B circuit-breaker #8 or 9 opens

K(1.0) -----Earth fault

3. Application of Digital Relay on 69KV Transmission lines

3.4 Eliminate protection dead zone(continue)
IF2=202A K(2) IF=158A 15 ILD=219A IF=58A 12 10 11 13 14 IF=100A

Cassada G G Friars Hill G G G G Crabbs G

16

Figure 7 Distinguishing IFMIN from ILDMAX at circuit-breaker #15

3. Application of Digital Relay on 69KV Transmission lines

3.4 Eliminate protection dead zone(continue)
X

fault

Load in

load Load out

Figure 8 Distinguishing IFMIN from ILDMAX by load-encroachment Logic

3. Application of Digital Relays on 69KV Transmission lines

3.5 Prevent equipment damage from abnormal condition

3.5.1 In the previous designs, the closing or tripping coils or related

relays were frequently burned out by overheating when system operator switched circuit-breaker by SCADA under following abnormal conditions: a. Substations D.C. low-voltage (less than 70%), or b. The stuck output contact of auxiliary relay, or c. Mechanism jamming of circuit-breaker.

3. Application of Digital Relays on 69KV Transmission lines

3.5 Prevent equipment damage from abnormal condition(continued)

3.5.2 Measures being taken to prevent damage of facilities:

a unifying close/open (or trip) commands between SCADA and relays; b. programming new relays and improving wiring connection; c. programming output of close or open commands.

3. Application of Digital Relays on 69KV Transmission lines

3.5 Prevent equipment damage from abnormal condition(continued)

Protection relay

SCADA System

Digital Relay

69kV circuit-breaker

Figure 9 change of control/protection logic

3. Application of Digital Relays on 69KV Transmission lines

3.6 Provide flexible Logic functions

3.6.1 Interlocking balance current protection on 69kV double lines while single line operates (see Figure 10) 3.6.2 Speed-up tripping of Zone two (67P2) while re-closing onto permanent faulted line (see Figure 11) 3.6.3 Anti-pump of circuit-breaker (see Figures 12)

3. Application of Digital Relays on 69KV Transmission lines

3.6 Provide flexible Logic functions (continued)
Close B/C &351 Close B/C &351 1 2 B/C &351 Open 3 4 B/C &351 Open

G2

G1

Output 1 Output 2

52A1

52A2

B/C trip Trip circuit

Output1output contact of #1 351 relay (=67P2) Output2output contact of #2 351 relay (=67P2) 52A1 auxiliary contact of #1 circuit-breaker 52A2 auxiliary contact of #2 circuit-breaker B/C balance current protection B/C triptrip contact of balance current protection Figure 10 Interlocking balance current protection on 69kV double lines

3. Application of Digital Relays on 69KV Transmission lines

3.6 Provide flexible Logic functions (continues)
Relay #1

67P1

Relay #2

G
67P2
Trip logic: Trip= 67P1T+67P2T+67P3T+67P2*\SH0 Where: 67P1Ttimer of zone one (67P1) 67P2Ttimer of zone two (67P2) 67P3Ttimer of zone three (67P3) \SH0 declining edge of one-shot reclosing

67P3

Figure 11 Speed-up tripping of Zone two (67P2) while re-closing onto permanent faulted line

3. Application of Digital Relays on 69KV Transmission lines

3.6 Provide flexible Logic functions (continued)
SCADA or Manual Closing command T67P1T Status of C.B TCL (No logic) Closing command With logic TOP

TLDO T67P1T

Status of C.B (with logic) TCL

TOP

TOPinherent open time of circuit-breaker TCLinherent close time of circuit-breaker T67P1Ttimer of relay zone one (67P1) TLDOdrop-off timer of logic-controlled contact (TCL +T67P1T+ TOP> TLDO> TCL) Figures 12 Anti-pump of circuit-breaker under permanent faulty condition

3. Application of Digital Relay on 69KV Transmission lines

3.7 Provide reliable and useful data information

a. The magnitude and phase angle of three-phase current and voltage; b. Dual-directional single/three-phase active/reactive power and energy; c. Dual-directional load flow; d. Power factor and work frequency; e. DC voltage; f. Pre-fault and fault current and voltage; See downloaded data information

CRB-CAS #1 69KV LINE Date: 05/29/02 Time: 11:13:55.618 CRABBS SUBSTATION A B C N G I MAG (A) 77.534 74.927 78.517 0.387 0.424 I ANG (DEG) -35.34 -153.68 87.31 134.14 123.30 A B C S V MAG (KV) 41.222 40.328 40.812 40.583 V ANG (DEG) 0.00 -119.97 117.52 -0.57 A B C 3P MW 2.607 2.514 2.769 7.890 MVAR 1.849 1.677 1.612 5.138 PF 0.816 0.832 0.864 0.838 LAG LAG LAG LAG I1 3I2 3I0 V1 V2 3V0 MAG 76.978 6.342 0.424 40.779 0.334 2.551 ANG (DEG) -33.90 -105.67 123.30 -0.82 150.90 29.60 FREQ (Hz) 59.92 VDC (V) 114.8 IA DEMAND 77.5 PEAK 146.4 IB 74.6 133.7 IC 78.4 150.0 IN 0.4 35.2 IG 3I2 0.4 6.7 35.3 35.3

DEMAND IN PEAK IN DEMAND OUT PEAK OUT

MWA MWB MWC MW3P MVARA MVARB MVARC MVAR3P 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.2 2.6 2.5 2.8 7.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 5.1 4.6 4.3 5.2 14.1 3.8 3.2 3.1 10.1

MWhA MWhB MWhC MWh3P MVARhA MVARhB MVARhC MVARh3P IN 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.2 3.3 OUT 28278.4 26797.4 31523.3 86599.1 21038.4 17781.7 17006.4 55826.5

3. Application of Digital Relays on 69KV Transmission lines

3.8 Provide useful supervision

PT voltage memory polarization unit secures reliable operation of relay employed on short line while a three-phase fault occurs close to busbar.

b. Directional elements with V2 and V0 voltage polarization

units secure reliability and selectivity of relay under earth fault condition.

3. Application of Digital Relays on 69KV Transmission lines

3.8 Provide useful supervision (continued)
c. d. e. f. g. h. i. g. k. AC under- and over-voltage; 69kV PT phase-loss supervision; 69kV line phase-loss supervision; Over-/under-frequency; DC over-/under-voltage; DC source loss; Circuit breaker operating and wearing status; Fault location indication; Relay fault alarm.

3. Application of Digital Relays on 69KV Transmission lines

3.9 other advantages of 351 Digital Relay
3.9.1 Two-level access-in password First-level available for protection technicians to routinely inspect and review. Second-level available for protection Engineer/senior technicians to program relays and operate circuit-breakers. 3.9.2 others flexible-to-program easy-to-install-and-test free-to-maintain small-in-size sealed in metal box to prevent radio interference and climate affection work under temperature range of 40--+85C

4. 2030 Communication Relay & Software

4.1 2030 Configuration & Feature
A. Configuration Being called as Master relay for substation communication and integration; Seventeen(17) 9-pin communication ports; Programmable relay B. Feature Data information collection, storage and distribution Remote or local control, metering and monitoring Event alarming/ paging Time and date synchronization

4. 2030 Communication Relay & Software

4.2 Workstation
2030
MODEM

WORKSTATION REMOTE PC (5040)

MODEM

2030

MODEM

TELEPHONE BOARD 2030

MODEM MODEM

PHONE
(PAGING)

2030 communication relay

2030
MODEM

LOCAL PC

351

551

587

321

DFP-100

Figure 13 communication configuration

4. 2030 Communication Relay & Software

4.3 Communication software 4.3.1 Human machine interface (HMI) Hyper Terminal is a widely used software for either local or remote relay communication 4.3.2 5010 Setting assistance software The most complex work on 351 relay is programming due to 512 settings in one of six groups. This software can: make relay programming facilitated; synchronize date and time on relays.

4. 2030 Communication Relay & Software

4.3 Communication software (continued)

4.3.3 5040 Power system report manager 5040 software was designed for establishment of Workstation. It can: periodically or automatically retrieve the latest event reports from designated digital relays; save event reports in database of workstation for viewing in oscillography.

5. A Captured Event
IAF=552A INF=701A IAF=1642A IAS=378A 0.5S IAF=1911A IAS=1407A 0S INF=2054A INS=2016A 0S

12

10

11

13

15

14 IA(1.0)
L=1.62KM

INF=1589A INS=450A 0.5S

Y/ Yo

Y/ Yo

Yo/Y

Yo/Y

Cassada G G Friars Hill G G G G Crabbs

IAF=699A IAS=675A 0S

16

1 1

INF=700A INS=531A 0S

Y/ Yo

Y/ Yo

Y/ Yo

Y/ Yo

Union Road

Belmont

Swetes

Lavington

Figure 14 fault current distribution situation on May 05,2002

5. A Captured Event( continued)

CRA-LAV

# 4 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 26 21

DATE TIME EVENT LOCAT CURR FREQ GRP SHOT TARGETS 05/05/02 06:21:26.909 AG T 1.62 1911 60.06 1 0 INST 50 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 06:21:26.901 06:21:26.905 06:21:26.905 06:21:26.909 06:21:26.909 06:21:26.917 06:21:26.917 06:21:26.917 06:21:26.917 06:21:26.917 06:21:26.917 06:21:26.917 06:21:26.963 06:21:26.972 67N4 67N3 67P3 67N2 67P2 67N1 67P1 67N1T 67P1T TRIP OUT202 OUT201 IN101 52A Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Deasserted Deasserted

5. A Captured Event( continued)

LAV-CRA 4 05/05/02 06:21:46.408 AG T 40 39 38 37 36 34 33 32 31 20 17 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 05/05/02 06:21:46.404 06:21:46.404 06:21:46.404 06:21:46.413 06:21:46.413 06:21:46.413 06:21:46.413 06:21:46.421 06:21:46.421 06:21:46.454 06:21:46.463 5.71 699 60.07 1 0 INST 50 Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Asserted Deasserted Deasserted

67N3 67N2 67P3 67N1 67N1T TRIP OUT201 67P1 67P1T IN101 52A

6. Conclusion
1. About two year operating experience shows that:

a. the digital relay protections secure 69kV transmission lines and 11kV primary feeders operating under safe, reliable condition; b. the micro-processed directional over-current protection can be applied to the close-ring transmission network, especially, to the short lines connected to small power system.

6. Conclusion
2. The established workstation makes daily inspection of relays and fault analysis easier. All event reports recorded in related relays can be immediately downloaded by 5040 software within few minutes once an event occurs. In accordance with the event reports listed in table, the event sequence and cause, conclusion can be easily obtained to guide system improvement.

6. Conclusion

3.

Based on application of 2030 communication relays and 5040 and other related software, the established workstation performs functions as mini-SCADA system on protection, monitoring, metering and control.