Power Control

POWER
CONTROL
HUAWEI RNP/RNO
WCDMA
June 12, 2008
3
rd
Floor. SSS Bldg., Ayala Ave.
Makati City
ERIC BABIA HUWEI RNP/RNO
POWER CONTROL
Page2
Why do we need Power
Control?
To maintain the quality of a connection using as

little radio resources as possible.
To allow access to as many users as possible while

keeping the interference caused by these users at a
minimum.
The task of power control is to keep the

transmission powers used for a connection, both by
the UE and the BTS, at a minimum
POWER CONTROL
Page3
The Basic Idea
Too
Weak!
Louder Plz!
Still
Weak!
!
Louder Plz!!
Good!
PTX
PTX
PTX
POWER CONTROL
Page4
POWER CONTROL LOOPs in WCDMA
UE RNC
INNER-LOOP
POWER CONTROL
OUTER-LOOP
POWER CONTROL
WCDMA BTS
OPEN LOOP POWER CONTROL(INITIAL ACCESS - UPLINK)
OPEN LOOP POWER CONTROL(INITIAL ACCESS - DOWNLINK)
POWER CONTROL
Page5
Uplink transmission character
Self-interference
Capacity is limited by interference
Near-far effect
Fading
Uplink power control
Ensure uplink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity
Solve the near-far effect
Save UE transmission power

Purpose of uplink power
control
POWER CONTROL
Page6
NEAR-FAR PROBLEM in
WCDMA
UE2
UE3
UE1
D1
D3
D2
D1 > D2 > D3
PRX1 = PRX2 = PRX3
PTX1 > PTX2 > PTX3
PTX1
PTX2
PTX3
PRX1
PRX3
PRX2
POWER CONTROL
Page7
NEAR-FAR PROBLEM in
WCDMA
UEs move around in the cell and find themselves at varying

distances from the BTS at different points in time.
The further away from the BTS a UE is, the more power it has to
use; thus, the power has to be adjusted continuously.
BTS receives equally strong signals from all UEs at all times
despite the continuously varying distances.
The signals from all transmitting UE must always be equally

strong at the receiving end.
POWER CONTROL
Page8
Downlink transmission character
Interference among different subscribers since the

orthogonality is influenced by transmission environment
Interference from other adjacent cells
Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power
Fading
Downlink power control
Ensure Downlink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity
Save NodeB transmission power

Purpose of downlink power
control
POWER CONTROL
Page9
The Relationship between Tx Power
and Rx Power
0 200 400 600 800
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time (ms)
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

p
o
w
e
r

(
d
B
)
Channel
Transmitted power
Received power
POWER CONTROL
Page10
Power Control Classification

Power control classification
open loop power control
closed loop power control
Uplink inner-loop power control
Downlink inner-loop power control
Uplink outer-loop power control
Downlink outer-loop power control

POWER CONTROL
Page11

Power control methods adopted for
various physical channels
Power control methods adopted for various physical channels
Y" can be applied, "" not applied

Physi cal
channel
Open l oop
power
cont r ol
I nner l oop
power
cont r ol
Out er l oop
power
Cont rol
No power cont r ol process,
power i s speci f i ed by
upper l ayer s.
DPDCH Y Y
DPCCH Y Y Y
PCCPCH Y
SCCPCH Y
PRACH Y
AI CH Y
PI CH Y
POWER CONTROL
Page12
OPEN LOOP POWER CONTROL
UE RNC
WCDMA BTS
OPEN LOOP POWER CONTROL(INITIAL ACCESS - UPLINK)
OPEN LOOP POWER CONTROL(INITIAL ACCESS - DOWNLINK)
POWER CONTROL
Page13
Open loop Power Control
Overview
Purpose
UE estimates the power loss of signals on the propagation

path by measuring the downlink channel signals, then
calculates the transmission power of the uplink channel
Principle
Path loss of the uplink channel is related to path loss of

the downlink channel
POWER CONTROL
Page14
Open loop Power Control
Overview
Disadvantage
This power control method is rather rough
Application scenarios
In a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually

more serious than that caused by propagation loss
open loop power control is applied only at the

beginning of connection setup, generally in setting the
initial power value
POWER CONTROL
Page15
Open loop Power Control of
PRACH
AICH access
slots RX at UE
PRACH access
slots TX at UE
One access slot
p-a
p-m
p-p
Pre-
amble
Pre-
amble
Message part
Acq.
Ind.
POWER CONTROL
Page16
Open loop Power Control of
PRACH
The initial value of PRACH power is set through open loop

power control
Preamble_Initial_Power
= PCPICH DL TX power - CPICH_RSCP + UL interference
+ Constant Value
POWER CONTROL
Page17
Open loop power control of PRACH
NO. Parameter Parameter meaning
1 Power Offset Pp-m The power offset of the last access preamble and message control
part. This value plus the access preamble power is the power of the
control part
2 Constant Value This parameter is the correction constant used for the UE to
estimate the initial transmission power of PRACH according to the
open loop power
3 PRACH Power Ramp Step This parameter is the ramp step of the preamble power when the
UE has not received the capture indication from NodeB
4 Preamble Retrans Max This parameter is the permitted maximum preamble repeat times
of the UE within a preamble ramp cycle
Power Ramp Step
P
p-m
10ms/20ms
Preable_Initial_
power
POWER CONTROL
Page18
Open loop power control of
PRACH
Open loop power control of
PRACH
UE
Node B
Serving RNS
Serving
RNC
1. CCCH : RRC Connection
Request
open loop power
control of PRACH

5. Downlink Synchronization

DCH - FP
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

RRC RRC

NBAP NBAP
3. Radio Link Setup Response

NBAP NBAP
2. Radio Link Setup Request

RRC RRC
7. CCCH : RRC Connection Set up

Start RX
description

Start TX
description

4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup
RRC
RRC
9. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete

6. Uplink Synchronization

NBAP NBAP

8. Radio Link Restore Indication
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Application scenarios Application scenarios
POWER CONTROL
Page19
Open loop power control of DL DPCCH
The DL DPCCH open loop power control can be

calculated by the following formula:
P=(Ec/Io)
Req
-CPICH_Ec/Io + CPICH_Power
Parameters explanation
(Ec/Io)req is the required Ec/Io, which should ensure that

UE can receive the message from the dedicated channel
correctly
CPICH_Ec/Io is measured by UE, then it is sent to UTRAN

by RACH
CPICH_Power

is the transmission power of CPICH
POWER CONTROL
Page20
Open loop power control of DL
DPCCH
DPCCH
UE
Node B
Serving RNS
Serving
RNC
Request


DCH - FP
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

RRC RRC

NBAP NBAP

NBAP NBAP

RRC RRC

Start RX
description

Start TX
description

RRC
RRC


NBAP NBAP

DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
open loop power
control of DPCCH
POWER CONTROL
Page21
DPCCH
DPCCH
Request
open loop power
control of DPCCH


UE
Node B
Serving RNS

Serving
RNC

DCH - FP
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

RRC RRC

NBAP NBAP


NBAP NBAP


RRC RRC


Start RX
description

Start TX
description

RRC
RRC



NBAP NBAP

DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
POWER CONTROL
Page22
Open loop power control of UL
DPCCH
The UL DPCCH open loop power control can be

calculated by the following formula:
DPCCH_Initial_Power
= DPCCH_Power_Offset - CPICH_RSCP
POWER CONTROL
Page23
DPCCH
DPCCH
UE
Node B
Serving RNS
Serving
RNC
Request


DCH - FP
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

RRC RRC

NBAP NBAP

NBAP NBAP

RRC RRC

Start RX
description

Start TX
description

RRC
RRC


NBAP NBAP

DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
open loop power
control of DPCCH
POWER CONTROL
Page24
CLOSED LOOP POWER CONTROL
UE RNC
INNER-LOOP
POWER CONTROL
OUTER-LOOP
POWER CONTROL
WCDMA BTS
POWER CONTROL
Page25
Closed loop power control
overview
The characteristics of open loop power control
The results from open loop power control are not

accurate enough
open loop power control can only decide the initial

power
The advantages of closed loop power control
Guarantee the QoS
Decrease the interference
Increase the system capacity

POWER CONTROL
Page26
BLERtar
Closed loop power control
overview
TPC=0 Power
TPC=1 Power
Ensure the
QoS with
minimum
power

Outer loop
SIRtar TPC
Inner loop
BLERmea<BLERtarSIRtar
BLERmea>BLERtarSIRtar
Until BLER
mea
=BLER
tar
SIRmea>SIRtarTPC=0
SIRmea<SIRtar TPC=1
Until SIR
mea
=SIR
tar
POWER CONTROL
Page27
INNER LOOP POWER CONTROL
POWER CONTROL
Page28
Uplink-inner loop power control
NodeB
UE
set SIRtar
1500Hz 1500Hz
Transmit TPC
Inner loop
TPC Decision
(0 1)
TPC_CMD
-1, 0, 1
Adjust DPCCH Tx
DPCCH= tpcTPC_cmd
PCA1
PCA2
Adjust DPDCH Tx
(c,d)
Compare SIRmeas with SIRtar
SIRmea>SIRtarTPC=0
SIRmea<SIRtar TPC=1
NodeB compares the measured SIR to the preset target SIR
TPC DECISION
Adjust
POWER
POWER CONTROL
Page29
UE gets one TPC in each time slot
If TPC=0, TPC_cmd= -1
If TPC=1, TPC_cmd= 1
This control is done in each time slot
Power control frequency is 1500HZ
TPC_CMD
TPC
Uplink inner-loop PCA1 without soft handover
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
-1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 1
POWER CONTROL
Page30
Each time slot, combine TPC from
different RLS then get W
i
Get TPC_cmd based on
TPC_cmd = (W1, W2, WN)
Uplink inner-loop PCA1 with soft
handover
CELL1 CELL2
CELL4 CELL3
RL11 RL12
RLS1
RLS2 RLS3
RLS1-TPC (W
1
)
RLS2-TPC (W
2
)
TPC_CMD
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
RLS3-TPC (W
3
)
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
If TPC(Wi) is
all 1 for each
RLS,
TPC_CMD = 1
Otherwise,
TPC_CMD = 0
POWER CONTROL
Page31
10ms/frame
Group 2 Group 1 Group 3
TPC
Transmission power will be controlled in each 5 time slots
The frequency is 300HZ
Uplink inner-loop PCA2 Without soft
handover
0
TS0
0
TS1
0
TS3
0
TS4
1
TS5
1
TS8
1
TS7
1
TS6
0
TS12
1
TS11
1
TS9
1
TS10
0
TS2
1
TS14
1
TS13
0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1
TPC_CMD
POWER CONTROL
Page32
Combine TPC from same
RLS in each time slot
Calculate TPC_cmd
TPC_CMD=1
TPC_CMD=-1
Otherwise TPC_CMD=0
Calculate TPC_tempi for each RLS
If 5 TPC are all 1, TPC_temp
i
=1
If 5 TPC are all 0, TPC_temp
i
=-1
Otherwise, TPC_tempi =0
5 . 0 _
1
1
>
N
i
i
temp TPC
N
5 . 0 _
1
1
<
N
i
i
temp TPC
N
CELL1 CELL2
CELL4 CELL3
RL11 RL12
RLS1
RLS2 RLS3
Uplink inner-loop PCA2 With soft
handover
POWER CONTROL
Page33
Comparison between PCA1 and
PCA2
The control frequency
TPC1, the power control frequency is 1500Hz
TPC2, the power control frequency is 300Hz

POWER CONTROL
Page34
Downlink Inner loop power
control
NodeB
Set SIRtar
Measure SIR and compare
it with SIRtar
1500Hz
Adjust Tx power
with 0.5, 1, 1 or 2dB
Transmit TPC in each TS
L3
EXECUTE
TPC_CMD
POWER CONTROL
Page35
Downlink inner loop power
control
When UE is not in soft handover
The TPC which is generated by UE is transmitted in TPC domain of UL

channel
When UE is in soft handover, two power control modes can be used,

which is decided by DPC_mode:
DPC_MODE 0 UE will transmit TPC in every slot
DPC_MODE 1 UE will transmit the same TPC in every three time slot
When the downlink channel is in out of synchronization, UE will

transmit TPC 1 because UE can not measure the downlink SIR
How to generate TPC How to generate TPC
POWER CONTROL
Page36
The transmission power can not be higher than

Maximum_DL_Power, and not less than
Minimum_DL_Power neither.
Downlink power adjustment:

P(k) P(k 1) + P
TPC
(k) + P
bal
(k)
Where
P(k-1) is power of previous
P
TPC
(k) is the adjustment
P
bal
(k) is correction value
Downlink inner-loop power
control
How to adjust power How to adjust power
POWER CONTROL
Page37
Where
P
TPC
(k) is the adjustment value
TPC
est
(k) is uplink TPC value
TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1,
1.5 or 2dB)
P
TPC
(k)
Without Limited Power Raise Used

control
How to adjust power How to adjust power
'
0 ) ( TPC if
1 ) ( TPC if
) ( P
est TPC
est TPC
TPC
k
k
k
POWER CONTROL
Page38
Where
P
TPC
(k)
With Limited Power Raise Used

control
'
+
< +

+
0 ) ( TPC if
e_Limit Power_Rais ) ( and 1 ) ( TPC if
e_Limit Power_Rais ) ( and 1 ) ( TPC if
0 ) (
est
est
est
k
k k
k k
k P
TPC sum
TPC sum
TPC
TPC
TPC
P
TPC
(k) is the adjustment value
TPC
est
(k) is uplink TPC value
TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2dB)
Power_Raise_Limit: the limited value for Power ramping in a
timer
DL_power_averaging_window_size timer for power
ramping (TS)
+

1
1 _ _ _ _
) ( ) (
k
Size Window Averaging Power DL k i
TPC sum
i P k
POWER CONTROL
Page39
Downlink Power Balance
Downlink power balance process
SRNC can monitor every single

NodeBs transmission. If SRNC found
the power offset in soft handover is
excessive, it will initiate the DPB
process
The initiation and stop of DPB
The power offset of two RLs is greater

than the DPB initial threshold, the DPB
process is initiated
The power offset of two RLs is less than

the DPB stop threshold, the DPB
process is stopped
POWER CONTROL
Page40
OUTER LOOP POWER CONTROL
POWER CONTROL
Page41
Outer loop power control
The character of outer loop power control
The QoS which NAS provides to CN is BLER, not SIR
The relationship between inner loop power control and outer loop
power control
SIRtar should be satisfied with the requirement of decoding correctly.

But different multi-path radio environments request different SIR
Therefore, the outer loop power control can adjust the SIR to get a
stable BLER in the changeable radio environment
POWER CONTROL
Page42
Uplink outer loop power
control
Transmit TPC
Measure and compare SIR
Inner-loop
Set SIRtar
Out loop
Measure received data and
compare BLER in the TrCH
Set BLERtar
10-100Hz
POWER CONTROL
Page43
NodeB
set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
Measure and compare SIR
Measure and compare BLER
Outer
loop
Inner loop
L1
L3
10-100Hz
1500Hz
Downlink outer loop power
control
POWER CONTROL
Page44
Outer loop power control
SIR target adjustment step SIR target adjustment step
,
`
.
|

et BLERt
et BLERt BLERmeas
tep SIRAdjustS oefficient SIRAdjustc SIRtar
arg
arg
* *
Where
SirAdjustStep: Outer loop power control adjustment
step
SirAdjustFactor: Coefficient for outer loop power
control
BLER
est
: Estimated BLER
BLER
tar
: Target BLER
Thank you

Power Control

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Power Control

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POWER

To maintain the quality of a connection using as

To allow access to as many users as possible while

The task of power control is to keep the

Uplink transmission character

Capacity is limited by interference

Uplink power control

Ensure uplink quality with minimum transmission power

Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity

Solve the near-far effect

Save UE transmission power

UEs move around in the cell and find themselves at varying

The signals from all transmitting UE must always be equally

Downlink transmission character

Interference among different subscribers since the

Interference from other adjacent cells

Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power

Downlink power control

Ensure Downlink quality with minimum transmission power

Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity

Save NodeB transmission power

Power control classification

open loop power control

closed loop power control

Uplink inner-loop power control

Downlink inner-loop power control

Uplink outer-loop power control

Downlink outer-loop power control

Power control methods adopted for various physical channels

Y" can be applied, "" not applied

UE estimates the power loss of signals on the propagation

Path loss of the uplink channel is related to path loss of

This power control method is rather rough

In a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually

open loop power control is applied only at the

The initial value of PRACH power is set through open loop

The DL DPCCH open loop power control can be

(Ec/Io)req is the required Ec/Io, which should ensure that

CPICH_Ec/Io is measured by UE, then it is sent to UTRAN

The UL DPCCH open loop power control can be

The characteristics of open loop power control

The results from open loop power control are not

open loop power control can only decide the initial

The advantages of closed loop power control

Guarantee the QoS

Decrease the interference

Increase the system capacity

UE gets one TPC in each time slot

The control frequency

TPC1, the power control frequency is 1500Hz

TPC2, the power control frequency is 300Hz

When UE is not in soft handover

The TPC which is generated by UE is transmitted in TPC domain of UL

When UE is in soft handover, two power control modes can be used,

DPC_MODE 0 UE will transmit TPC in every slot

When the downlink channel is in out of synchronization, UE will

The transmission power can not be higher than

Downlink power adjustment:

Without Limited Power Raise Used

With Limited Power Raise Used

Downlink power balance process

SRNC can monitor every single

The initiation and stop of DPB