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By Ashish
KELCA Systems
Network Network Topology OSI Reference Model Protocols Hub , Switch , Router Cabling
Network
Whats Network Types Of Network
LAN (Local Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network) Peer To Peer Networking Server Base Networking
Host
Whats Network
Connecting one or more than one computer to each other in such a way that they can share their hardware and software resources called network.
Types Of Network
LAN (Local Area Network)
Network which is include in a single building or room can be defined as LAN or we can say Intranet.
Types Of Network
WAN (Wide Area Network)
Network expanding through cities , countries , continents limit called WAN . which can be connected through phone or modem . its also called internet.
Types Of Network
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
Sector 1 Sector 2
Types Of Network
Peer To Peer Network
In this network both computers have equal rights to share their resources. And both acts as server.
Types Of Network
Server Base Network
In this network all computers and other shared resources are controlled by centralized server.
Topologies
Network
topology refers to the Physical structure or layout of a network. Types of Topologies are.
Star Bus Ring Mesh Hybrid
/ Hierarchical
Star Topology
In this network all computers are connected to a centralized device through a single cable.
Multiple stars can be combined into a tree like structure known as a hierarchical star. And it allows for high levels of flexibility and expandability. Depending on networking equipment used.
Bus Topology
Its also known as linear bus because computers are connected to each other using a single cable called trunk or backbne.
Bus Topology
Structure
Ring Topology
Mesh Topology
In this network each computer is connected individually to another system. And if one link failed the other path will be used to transmit data.
Hybrid Topology
A
Connectivity
Standard
model for network communications Allows dissimilar networks to communicate Defines 7 protocol layers
Application
Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
Transport Protoco
Network Protoco
Application Protocols = FTP , SMTP , TCP etc A p Transport Protocols = TCP , UDP p Network Protocols = IP , IPX
4. Transport Manages end-to-end message delivery in network Provides reliable and sequential packet delivery through error recovery and flow control mechanisms 5. Session Manages user sessions and dialogues Controls establishment and termination of logic links between users Reports upper layer errors 6. Presentation Manages user sessions and dialogues Controls establishment and termination of logic links between users Reports upper layer errors 7. Application Defines interface-to-user processes for communication and data transfer in network
SERVER
7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
As the data passes through each layer on the client information about that layer is added to the data.. This information is stripped off by the corresponding layer on the server.
works on layer one (Physical) It has One Collision domain or one way for sending data. It always broadcast. It communicates computers of one network. Its differentiated by its sticker and its port (hub link)
Switch
It
works on layer two (data link) It has many collision domain. Each port is one collision domain. It broadcasts at first time. It communicates all computers of same network. Its speed is better than Hub.
Router
It
works on layer three (Network) It communicates different network. It has its own OS which can be configured by Computer. It has four Modes
User
Protocols
Protocols
are set of rules for computers use to communicate over a network. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).
Its
default protocol which is used for computers to communicate with other computers in the network. It provides addresses which is 32bits. Divided into 4 octets and each octet contain 8 bits. E.g. 192.168.0.1
TCP/IP Addressing
IP
address is a 32-bit number that identifies a host on a TCP/IP network. IP Address is divided into three Classes
Class
Host Network
TCP/IP Addressing
Host
Its called for the computer address. Its called for the Network Address in which the host located.
Network
Every Classes of TCP/IP Identify their own number of Hosts and Network.
TCP/IP Addressing
Class
A
128 255 0 0 0 0 0 0
In
Each octet is equal to 8 bits which is equal to 255 decimal number. 0 Stands for OFF bits
TCP/IP Addressing
Class B
170 255
100 255
0 0
0 0
TCP/IP Addressing
Class C
200 255
100 255
100 255
0 0
Protocols
There
IPX
protocols were used with Workstations , Macintosh and Apple Talk computers.
Network Cabling
There
are lots of Cables which are used in Network to communicate computers and Network devices to each others. The main cables are .
Straight
Rollover Cables
It
Coaxial Cable
Types
By Copper , Data move in the form of Electronic cheap but slow. The connector of this wire is BNC.
E.g.
TV Cable
Length
Twisted-Pair
It
s the network media of choice Its well suited to the need of the modern network. Its used for both telephone and Network. Two Types T-P Cables
Shielded
The
newcomer in the Networking scene. Uses Electric signals to send data transmission. Travels distances measured in Kilometers. Covers the distance of 10 Km plus. Its costly than other cables.
Devices Port