Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
BLOOD LEVEL DATA (1G Propanamide via IV bolus) Time (mins) Conc.(mg/100ml) log 10 8.6 20 7.5 30 6.5 60 4.2 80 3.2 100 2.4 120 1.8 1. Plot the log conc vs time on a semi-log graphing paper. 2. Plot the conc vs time on an ordinary graphing paper. 3. Plot the log conc vs time on an ordinary graphing paper.
Drug A (ug/mL) Drug B (ug/mL) 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 0 2000 1000 500 250 125 63 31
Which drug is eliminated by first-order kinetics? Which one is zero-order kinetics? Which one is concentration-dependent and which one is concentrationindependent?
The rate of a chemical reaction or pharmacokinetic process is the velocity with which it occurs The order of a reaction is the way in which the concentration of a drug in a chemical reaction affects the rate
Zero-order reaction
Drug conc. changes with respect to time at a constant rate dC/dt = -ko C = -kot + Co
First-order reaction
Change in drug conc. with respect to time equals the product rate constant and the concentration of drug remaining dC/dt = -kC k = first-order rate constant (reciprocal time)
Integration yields:
C = Coe-kt ln C = -kt + ln Co log C = -kt/2.3 + log Co
Drug distribution
Reversible transfer of drug from one location to another within the body Most drugs do not distribute uniformly throughout the body
Importance of Vd
Directly proportional to the half-life prolongs the half-life ___________ duration of action ?? Used for the computation of the loading dose of a drug Determine or predict the distribution of drugs (is it predominantly in the plasma or in the body tissues?) Compare the distribution characteristics of various drugs
CL organ = Q x ER
Extraction ratio fraction of drug that is irreversibly removed by an organ or tissue as the plasma-containing drug perfuses that tissue
F= absolute bioavailability Do = amount of drug administered (mg, g) AUC = area under the curve, rate and extent of drug absorbed in the systemic circulation (mg.hr/mL)
Importance of ClT
Computation of the maintenance dose Determine or predict the duration of action of a drug good or bad outcome
Problem Solving
Following the IV administration of a drug, a patient weighing 70 kg was found to have 70,000 mcg/mL of drug present in the blood. Assuming apparent volume of distribution is 10% of BW, elimination rate constant is 0.231/hr and following firstorder kinetics, calculate the plasma conc. after 4 hours. What is the half-life of the drug?
Immediately after an IV dose of 5 mg, the apparent volume of distribution of chlordiazepoxide has been determined to be 34 liters. Calculate the expected drug plasma concentration of the drug in microgram per milliliter.
One gram of procainamide was administered to a 75 kg male patient. The initial drug activity after plotting a blooddrug profile was found to be 7.7 mg/L. When the maximum amount in blood is reduced by 26%, what is the corresponding amount in the body?
A 50 kg woman was given a single IV dose of an antibacterial drug at a dose level of 6 mg/kg. Blood samples were taken at various time intervals. The concentration of the drug (Cp) was determined in the plasma fraction of each blood sample and the following data were obtained:
What are the values for Vd, kel, and t for this drug? This antibacterial agent is not effective at a plasma concentration of less than 2 ug/mL. What is the duration of activity for this drug?
A 70 kg volunteer is given an intravenous dose of an antibiotic, and serum conc. were determined at 2 and 5 hr after administration. The concentration were 1.2 and 0.3 ug/mL, respectively. What is the biologic half-life for this drug, assuming first-order kinetics?
A new drug was given in a single intravenous dose of 200 mg to an 80 kg male. After 6 hrs. the blood concentration of drug was found to be 1.5 mg/100 mL of blood. Assuming that the apparent Vd is 10% of body weight, compute the total amount of drug in the body fluids after 6 hours. What is the half-life of this drug?
Penicillin has a total body clearance of 15 mL/min. Calculate the elimination rate for penicillin when the plasma drug conc. Is 2 ug/mL and when it reaches 10 ug/mL.
Determine the total body clearance for a drug in a 70 kg male patient. The drug follows the kinetics of a one-compartment model and has an elimination half-life of 3 hours with an apparent volume of distribution of 100 mL/kg.