THE FUTURE TENSE

FORMATION OF THE FUTURE TENSE 1. The regular pattern is to use the whole infinitive as a stem and add the following endings: , s, , emos, n. Bailar (to dance) bailar bailars bailar bailaremos bailar n Comer (to eat) comer comers comer comeremos comern

Vivir (to live) vivir vivirs vivir viviremos vivirn 2. Common Irregular Verbs in the Future Tense Hacer Decir dir har dirs hars dir har diremos haremos dirn harn

Tener tendr tendrs tendr tendremos tendrn Poner pondr pondrs pondr pondremos pondrn

Poder podr podrs podr podremos podrn Querer querr querrs querr querremos querrn

Saber sabr sabrs sabr sabremos sabrn Haber habr habrs habr habremos habrn

Salir saldr saldrs saldr saldremos saldrn Venir vendr vendrs vendr vendremos vendrn

Valer valdr valdrs valdr valdremos valdrn USE OF THE FUTURE TENSE 1. The future tense refers to an action that will, shall, or is going to take place. Saldr ms tarde. I will go out later. 2. It may also express probability: Qu hora es? What time is it?

Sern las nueve. It is probably nine oclock. Dnde estar mi reloj? Where can my watch be? Estar en el tocador. It is probably on the dressing table. N.B. Be careful in translating expressions such as: Quiere vd. cerrar la puerta? Will you close the door, please? Will you be so kind as to close the door, please? Here, no future time is involved. The implication is a request, i.e. Are you willing to?

3. The Future Tense of estar may also be used with the gerund to form the Future Continuous. This refers to what someone will be doing or what will be happening. A las ocho de la maana, estar viajando a Madrid. At eight oclock tomorrow, Ill be travelling to Madrid. THE FUTURE PERFECT The Future Perfect Tense is formed by using the future tense of the verb haber and the Past Participle. It translates will have done something.
Habr hablado, comido, vivido I shall have spoken, eaten, lived Habrs hablado, comido, vivido You (sing. fam.) will have spoken, eaten, lived Habr hablado, comido, vivido He, she, it will have spoken, eaten, lived and You (sing. pol.) will have spoken, eaten, lived

Habremos hablado, comido, vivido Habrn hablado, comido, vivido

We shall have spoken, eaten, lived They will have spoken, eaten, lived and You (plur. pol.) will have spoken, eaten, lived

1. This tense refers to an action that will be finished in the future before another one occurs or before a specific time in the future. A las nueve, habr terminado mi trabajo. At nine, I will have finished my work. 2. The Future Perfect can sometimes convey the idea of supposition or probability: Mara habr bebido el vino. Mary must have drunk the wine.

LETS PRACTISE!
1. Change the Present Tense from the following sentences into the Future Tense. Example: Me caso en junio. Me casar en junio 1. Yo acepto la propuesta. 2. l no bebe en la fiesta. 3. nosotros aprendemos espaol. 4. Yo viajo a Espaa en agosto. 5. Ella vende seguros de vida. 6. Mis amigos y yo comemos hallacas en diciemmbre. 7. Vuestros padres estn contentos. 8. A m se me ocurre ina idea. 9. Usted escribe una carta. 10. Mi hermano escala el Tibet.

THE CONDITIONAL TENSE

FORMATION OF THE CONDITIONAL TENSE This tense is formed by using the stem of the Future Tense of the verb (regular or irregular) and the following endings: a, as, a, amos, an. Saltar saltara saltaras saltara saltaramos saltaran Comer comera comeras comera comeramos comeran

Vivir vivira viviras vivira viviramos viviran

Salir (Irregular) saldra saldras saldra saldramos saldran

USE OF THE CONDITIONAL TENSE 1. The Conditional translates would or should in English. It is usually used to refer to what would happen or what someone would do if the conditions were right. Si tuviese bastante dinero, comprara un coche nuevo. If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.

Yo te hablara. I should speak to you. Dijo que lo hara en seguida. He said that he would do it at once. 2. The Conditional also gives the idea of uncertainty in the past. Seran las nueve cuando lleg. It was probably four oclock when she arrived. Estara en la biblioteca cuando saliste. I was probably in the library when you left. 3. Should sometimes conveys the idea of a very strong obligation to do something. In such cases, the Conditional of the verb deber is used with the infinitive.

Debera salir ahora. I should leave now (I really ought to leave now). N.B. Would is also one way of expressing habitual actions in the past. In such instances the translation is the Imperfect Tense. Todos los das visitaba a mi mam. Everyday I would visit my mother. 4. When would translates was willing to, the Conditional is not used. Instead the Imperfect of querer and the infinitive is used: No quera hablar. He would not speak (He was unwilling to speak). 5. Expressions like Would you like to have a piece of cake? are translated as follows: Quieres / Quiere vd. tomar un trozo de torta?

6. Quisiera can replace the Conditional Tense of the verb querer in sentences such as: Querra (Quisiera) ir al extranjero. Me gustara ir al extranjero. I would like to go abroad.

THE CONDITIONAL PERFECT

The Conditional Perfect refers to what someone would/should have done or to what would/should have happened. This consists of the Conditional Tense of the auxiliary verb haber and the past participle.
Habra hablado, comido, vivido I should have spoken, eaten, lived Habras hablado, comido, vivido You (sing. fam.) should have spoken, eaten, lived Habra hablado, comido, vivido He, she, it should have spoken, eaten, lived and You (sing. pol.) will have spoken, eaten, lived Habramos hablado, comido, vivido We should have spoken, eaten, lived Habran hablado, comido, vivido They should have spoken, eaten, lived and You (plur. pol.) will have spoken, eaten, lived

The Conditional Perfect is used when referring to an action that would have been completed in the past. Te habra hablado. I would have spoken to you.

LETS PRACTISE!
1. Complete the following using the Conditional of the verbs in italics. 1. Si tuviera mucho dinero, comprar un coche nuevo. 2. Si fuera rico, viajar por todo el mundo. 3. Si pudiera cantar bien, participar en el concurso. 4. Si estuviera contigo, ser tan feliz. 5. Si hiciera buen tiempo, ir al parque. 2. Change the verbs in italics into the Conditional Tense. 1. Yo decir, hacer. 2. Nosotros tener, querer. 3. Tu poner, poder. 4. El saber, haber. 5. Vds. salir, venir.