Course Content

Radio Resource Management Overview Parameter Configuration Common Channels & Power Control Load Control Admission Control Packet Scheduling Handover Control Resource Manager HSPA
I insert classification level 1 Nokia Siemens Networks RN3007EN06GLN00

Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be able to:
Describe the difference between controllable and non-controllable loads Describe the difference between preventive and overload threshold Describe the relationships of Load Control with Admission Control and Packet Scheduler Name and describe summarily the main RAN parameters related to load control

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Load Control
Load Control Functions Radio Interface Load
Power based Radio Resource Management Throughput based Radio Resource Management Planning thresholds for cell loading

BTS Measurements and Reporting

Common Measurements Dedicated Measurements Filtering of Measurements

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Load Control Functional Overview

RRM in RNC
when changed
parameters

Load change info Load status request

AC
Load change estimations

WBTS NB/RS
NBAP-PRIVATE: RRIndPeriod or 3GPP NBAP : COMMONMEASUREMENT REPORT parameters

PS
Load status

LC

measurements

Load change estimations

measurements
PRACH load measurement

estimations

NRT load
Dedicated measurement reporting

Scheduling period

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BTS Measurements sent to CRNC

Common Measurements from Cell WBTS RADIO RESOURCE MEASUREMENT REPORT (private part) NB/RS COMMON MEASUREMENT REPORT

C - NBAP

IuB

D - NBAP Dedicated Measurements from active users in Cell_DCH WBTS NB/RS DEDICATED MEASUREMENT REPORT

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Load Control
Load Control Functions Radio Interface Load
Power based Radio Resource Management Throughput based Radio Resource Management Planning thresholds for cell loading

BTS Measurements and Reporting

Common Measurements Dedicated Measurements Filtering of Measurements

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Load Estimation Methods

Actual prevailing load in the cell depends on multiple factors
Number of active connections Properties of the connections
Bit rate Eb/No requirement
BLER requirement Propagation channel conditions (speed, multipath profile etc.)

SHO condition Activity

Different methods can be applied to measure/estimate prevailing load conditions, e.g.

Throughput Based Load Estimation Power Based Load Estimation

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NSN RRM is Power and Throughput based

Downlink uses Power Measurements and calculations for RRM decisions

DL

Ptx _ total = Ptx _ BTS , max

Uplink uses Power and Throughput estimations and calculations for RRM decisions

UL

Prx _ noise 1 =1 =1 Prx _ total NR

UL = (1 + i )

load
j= 1

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Load Estimation Methods and other cell interference

Wideband power level Itotal (coverage)

Throughput based threshold

Wideband power based threshold i=0.5 i=1

i=0

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Own cell load factor (capacity)

UL power based load measurement

PRxTotal = PRx_Own + PRx_Other + PNoise + PNoise
PRx_Other

= PRx_NRT + PRx_RT + PRx_Other = PRx_NRT + PRx_NC = PRx_Other / PRx_Own

iUL

PRx_Own

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DL power based load measurement

PTxTotal = PTx_Own = PTx_NRT + PTx_RT + PTx_Com on m = PTx_NRT + PTx_NC
on

PTx_Com on m
el s Ch an n Co m m

PTx_Own
PRx_Own_DL

PRx_Other_DL

iDL = PRx_Other_DL
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/ PRx_Own_DL

Radio Interface Load

The BTS measures the total received power (PrxTotal) and the total transmitted power (PtxTotal) on cell basis The BTS reports PrxTotal and PtxTotal of each cell to the RNC LC updates
Cell load status for each cell based on RADIO RESOURCE INDICATION Non-controllable UL (PrxNC) and DL (PtxNC) load in cell Semi-controllable UL (Prx_SC) and DL (Ptx_SC) load in the cell (related to PS Streaming)

AC and PS algorithms work on the current cell load status provided by LC Denying call admission (AC) and throttling back NRT traffic (PS) are the overload actions After scheduling PS provides LC with PrxNRT, PtxNRT & LNRT estimates After admitting RT RAB, AC provides LC with NC load increase estimate

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System Noise
System noise (WCEL: PrxNoise) is the sum of all stationary noises;
thermal noise interference caused by spurious emissions of other systems, noise caused by additional equipment such as repeaters

PrxNoise can vary place to place and even time to time PrxNoise is a RNP parameter whose setting affects the capacity of cell
PrxNoise too low: overestimation of cell load and can lead to unnecessary call blocking PrxNoise too high: underestimation of cell load and can lead to overload situation

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PrxNoise Autotuning Algorithm

RNC provides tools to measure unloaded system noise, PrxUnloaded, and tools to adjust PrxNoise parameter based on these measurements PrxTotal = PrxUnloaded when own cell is considered unloaded (or very low load); Own Cell; LRT UnloadedRT and LNRT UnloadedNRT and no EDCH users in the cell UnloadedRT and UnloadedNRT are RNC parameters (values for NRT: 1 %, RT: 2 %) LRT and LNRT are UL load factor for own cell RT (AC estimates) & PS users (PS estimates) RNC calculates averaged PrxUnloaded values using a mean filter to remove temporary interference peaks PrxNoise is updated by the autotuning algorithm based on PrxUnloaded PrxNoise autotuning step size is limited by PrxNoiseMaxTuneAbsolute parameter

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UL Preventive & Overload Thresholds

WCEL:PrxTarget (030dB)(0.1dB)(4dB) WCEL:PrxOffset (06dB)(0.1dB)(1dB)

Noise Rise [dB]

Overloaded Area
PrxTarget [dB] + PrxOffset [dB] Prx Target [dB]

Marginal Load Area Feasible Load Area

PrxTarget = 10 Log

10

(1 ) [dB ]

load factor
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Range [0..1]
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DL Preventive & Overload Thresholds

WCEL:PtxTarget (-1050dBm)(0.1dBm)(40dBm) WCEL:PtxOffset (06dB)(0.1dB)(1dB)
Cell Maximum

total transmitted power Ptx Total [dBm]

Overloaded Area Marginal Load Area Feasible Load Area

Ptx Target [dBm] + PtxOffset [dB] Ptx Target [dBm]

load factor
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Load Control
Load Control Functions Radio Interface Load
Power based Radio Resource Management Throughput based Radio Resource Management

BTS Measurements and Reporting

Common Measurements Dedicated Measurements Filtering of Measurements

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NB/RS situation

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Measurements taken and reported by NB/RSxxx

Periodical reporting every 800ms or slower TCP Transmitted Carrier Power
Periodic and Event E reporting for non HSDPA cells Periodic for HSDPA cells

Transmitted Code Power of all codes not used for HSDPA

Periodic and Event E reporting for non HSDPA cells

RTWP Received Wideband Wideband Power

Periodic and Event E reporting for non HSDPA cells for non-HSUPA cells Event E reporting for HSUPA cells

RSEPS Received Scheduled E-DCH Power Share

Periodic and Event E reporting for HSUPA cells

Acknowledged PRACH preambles

Periodic reporting is used
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Measurements taken and reported by NB/RSxxx

TCP Transmitted Carrier Power / Transmitted Code Power for all codes not used for HSDPA
Periodic and Event E reporting for non HSDPA cells Periodic for HSDPA cells

WCEL: PtxTotalReportPeriod parameter controls frequency of periodic reporting Range and Step: [800 .. 60000 ms], step 100ms, default = 800 ms NB/RSxxx applies L3 filtering before sending results to RNC WCEL: TCPMeasFilterCoeff parameter controls filter characteristic in BTS Range and Step: [0 (0), 1 (1), 2 (2), 3 (3), 4 (4), 5 (5), 6 (6), 7 (7), 8 (8), 9 (9), 10 (11), 11 (13), 12 (15), 13 (17), 14 (19) ], default = 2 Filtering is implemented according 3GPP specification: Fn = (1-a) * F n-1 + a* Mn
a = 0,5 k/2 k = TCPMeasFilterCoeff parameter
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Event E Reporting in WBTS How it works

Example for Transmitted Code Power (TCP) Reporting
3GPP TS 25.433 specified procedure Threshold1: based on PtxTarget + PtxOffset Threshold 2: based on PtxTarget

Hysteresis:

WCEL: TCPEventECommHyst Range and Step [200 .. 60000ms], step 100 ms default = 200 ms
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Measurements taken and reported by NB/RSxxx

RTWP Received Wideband Wideband Power ( RSEPS Received Scheduled E-DCH Power Share
Periodic and Event E reporting for non HSDPA cells for non-HSUPA cells Event E reporting for HSUPA cells

WCEL: PrxTotalReportPeriod parameter controls frequency of periodic reporting Range and Step: [800 .. 60000 ms], step 100ms, default = 800 ms NB/RSxxx applies L3 filtering before sending results to RNC WCEL: RTWPMeasFilterCoeff parameter controls filter characteristic in BTS Range and Step: [0 (0), 1 (1), 2 (2), 3 (3), 4 (4), 5 (5), 6 (6), 7 (7), 8 (8), 9 (9), 10 (11), 11 (13), 12 (15), 13 (17), 14 (19) ], Filtering is implemented according 3GPP specification: Fn = (1-a) * F n-1 + a* Fn default = 2

a = 0,5 k/2 k = RTWPMeasFilterCoeff parameter

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Measurements taken and reported by NB/RSxxx

Acknowledged PRACH preambles
Periodic reporting is used

WCEL: RACHReportPeriod parameter controls frequency of periodic reporting Range and Step: [800 .. 60000 ms], step 100ms, default = 800 ms NB/RSxxx applies L3 filtering before sending results to RNC WCEL: RACHMeasFilterCoeff parameter controls filter characteristic in BTS Range and Step: [0 (0), 1 (1), 2 (2), 3 (3), 4 (4), 5 (5), 6 (6), 7 (7), 8 (8), 9 (9), 10 (11), 11 (13), 12 (15), 13 (17), 14 (19) ], default = 10 Filtering is implemented according 3GPP specification: Fn = (1-a) * F n-1 + a* Fn

a = 0,5 k/2 k = RACHMeasFilterCoeff parameter

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WBTS situation

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Dedicated measurements taken and reported by WBTS

Periodic reporting every 400 ms by default, down to 100 ms PtxAverage Transmission power of on one carrier, one scrambling code and one channelisation code SIRerror, used for the selection of HS-DSCH serving cell in the SCC procedure

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Common measurements taken and reported by WBTS

PtxTotal Transmitted Carrier Power
Nokia Private NBAP

PtxNonHSPATransmitted Code Power of all codes not used for HSDPA

Nokia Private NBAP

PrxTotal Received Wideband Wideband Power

Nokia Private NBAP

REPS Received E-DCH Power Share

Nokia Private NBAP

Acknowledged PRACH preambles

Nokia Private NBAP

Provided HSDPA Bitrate Provided HSUPA Bitrate Required Power

Nokia Private part is protocol extension specified in 3GPP
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RRM in RNC needs this information for Streaming mapped on HSPA

(NST Non Scheduled Transmission)

WBTS Common Measurements sent to CRNC

WBTS sends measurements periodically according setting of RRM parameter WBTS: RRIndPeriod Range and Step: [200 .. 2000 ms] step 100 ms, default = 400 ms

RADIO RESOURCE MEASUREMENT REPORT

(Nokia Private part)

Reporting frequency for PRACH load measurments can be controlled separately: WBTS:RACHloadIndicationPeriod Range and Step: [1 .. 20 RRI messages], step 1 Default = 1 (WBTS sends PRACH load information every RadioResourceMeasurementReport)
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Measurement filtering and reporting criteria in BTS

BTS measurements are averaged/filtered in BTS before reporting
L1 filtering L3 filtering
Higher Layer filtering

BTS reports measurements to RNC when needed

Reporting criteria

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L1 Filtering: Prx and Ptx Total Measurements

0 1 2

...
1 Prx / tx Total = 15

14

Frame Prx and Ptx Total measurements

rx / tx

P
0

14

Total

PrxTotal/PtxTo tal

Frame average measurements

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L3 filtering: Higher layer filtering

The Measurement Filter Coefficient (k) IE indicates how filtering of the measurement values shall be performed before measurement event evaluation and reporting. The averaging shall be performed according to the following formula. L1 measurement period is 100 ms (20 ms for Acknowledged PRACH preambles)

Filter response -101.5 -102 -102.5 -103

Value, dB 42 41 40 39

Filter response

Value, dB

Measured -103.5 -104 -104.5 -105 -105.5 11 17 19 23 29 1 3 5 7 9 13 15 21 25 27 31 33 t Measurements Filtered, k = 3 Filtered, k = 7

38 37 36 35 34 33 32 13 1 3 5 7 9 11 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 Measurements 33 t

Measured Filtered, k = 3 Filtered, k = 7

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Measurement filtering
The RNC can order BTSs to report cell-based and connection-based measurements only if internal thresholds are exceeded. However, a report is sent at least once per 10 reporting periods (RNP parameters). The filtering functionality decreases the amount of measurement messages between the BTS and the RNC and thus decreases the load of RNC computer units.
BTS Measurements

Reporting period 10 * Reporting period

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WBTS Measurements sent to CRNC

non-configurable:

WBTS can filter a measurement report (not sent to RNC) only inform RNC about important load changes reduce common NBAP signaling on IuB interface

PtxTotalLoadThreshold: 20% PtxTotalChangeThreshold: 0.5dB PrxTotalLoadThreshold: 20% PrxTotalChangeThreshold: 0.2dB

RNC provides load threshold and value change threshold to WBTS

Parameter settings for PtxTotal Measurement

0,5 dB 20 % of Ptx max

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Common Measurements from WBTS received by CRNC

BTS reports measurements to RNC when needed (based on internal change and load thresholds) and with a minimum period of 10 reporting periods Internally RNC repeats the cell based measurements every WBTS: RRIndPeriod to provide RRM functions a continuous flow of measurements

BTS Measurements

Reporting period 10 * Reporting period

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Dedicated Measurements in BTS

Transmitted Code Power
WBTS and NB/RSxxx send periodic measurement reports with code power measurement results from all Radio Links (UEs in Cell_DCH)

Depending on allocated service type WBTS applies different reporting frequency CS Services and SRB WBTS: DedicatedMeasRepPeriod Range and Step [0.5..5 s, step 0.5 s], step 0,5 sec Default = 2.5 sec CS Data Services WBTS: DediMeasRepPeriodCSdata Range and Step [0.5..5 s, step 0.5 s], step 0,5 sec Default = 1.5 sec PS Data Services WBTS: DediMeasRepPeriodPSdata Range and Step [0.5..5 s, step 0.5 s], step 0,5 sec Default = 0.5 sec

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Dedicated Measurements in BTS

Uplink SIR Error
HSPA Serving cell change feature makes use of UL SIR quality measurements to check the quality for HS-DPCCH reception
Reporting frequency can be controlled: RNC: HSDPASIRErrorReportPeriod
UEhas RRCconnection established HS-D Hchannel typeisselected SC AS> 1 NBAP: Dedicated Measurement Initiation NBAP: Dedicated Measurement Report NBAP: Dedicated Measurement Report NBAP: Dedicated Measurement Report NBAP: Dedicated Measurement Report

Range and Step: 0..10 sec, step 1 sec Value 0 means switched off Default: 0.5 sec

Measurement Filtering can be controlled: RNC: HSDPASIRErrorFilterCoefficient Range and Step: 0 (100 %), 1 (71 %), 2 (50 %), 3 (35 %),
4 (25 %), 5 (18 %), 6 (13 %), 7 (9 %), 8 (6 %), 9 (4 %), 11 (2 %)

Default: 5 (18%)
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Version control
Version Date Status Owner

RAS051_v1.0

1.10.2006

RAS051 level

Florian Reymond

RAS051_v1.1

21.4.2007

Minor corrections

Florian Reymond

RAS051_v1.2 RAS06_v1.0

10.5.2007 29.10.2007

Corrected formula slide 27/ J.Itkonen

Florian Reymond

HSUPA measurements included and some Florian Reymond minor additions (e.g. parameters related to SIRerror filtering and reporting)/ S. Cardamone, review and deletion of alpha trimmed filter (JI) Draft Thorsten Hagedorn

RU10

06.01.2008

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