CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE

BY THE END OF THIS CHAPTER YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO :

Understand cells Understand unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms Understand that cells form tissues, organs and systems in the human body Realise that humans are complex organisms

 cells are basic units of all living things Cells can only be seen through a microscope

Steps in using a microscope

Place the microscope with its mirror facing a light source Adjust the mirror so that enough light enters the microscope Place the slide onto the stage and ensure that the specimen is at the centre of the aperture Adjust the rough focus control to raise the objective lens until the specimen can be seen clearly

MICROSCOPE

EYE PIECE

OBJECTIVE LENS

Diaphragm

mirror

COARSE FOCUS KNOB FINE FOCUS KNOB

BASE

The functions of microscope

Eye piece Magnifies the image that has been magnified by the objective lens Focuses the image of a specimen Focuses and makes the image of a specimen sharp Magnifies the image of a specimen Controls the amount of light reaching the specimen Reflects light towards the diaphragm

Coarse focus knob Fine focus knob Objective lens Diaphragm mirror

Animal cell and plant cell

CELL WALL

Function of cell structures

Part of the cell Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Cell wall Chloroplast Function Controls all the activities of the cell Stores dissolved material Protects the cell and controls the flow of dissolved material in and out of the cell Protects the cell and maintains the shape of the cell Contains chlorophyll for the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and changes light energy to chemical energy Contains cell sap made up of dissolved minerals

vacuole

Comparison Animal Cells And Plants Cells

cytoplasm
Have nucleus

Test your self

1. What is the basic unit of all living things?
CELL

2. What makes up the protoplasm of cell?

CYTOPLASM AND NUCLEUS

3. What can be found in plant cells but not in animal cell?

CELL WALL, VACUOLE AND CHLOROPLAST

Unicellular organisms
Living things that have only one cell Have body size that is very small Can only be seen through the microscope Usually live in water or in wet places as ponds, drains and seas Carry out all the processes of life such as movement, feeding, reproducing, breathing and excretion Two types: unicellular animals and unicellular plants

Example

Unicellular animal

Unicellular plant

multicellular organisms
Living things with many cells Are made up of various types of cells Carry out all the processes of life Each cell has a different structure and carries out certain body functions Two types: multicellular animals and multicellular plants Examples: Multicellular animals-fish,rabbit,bird,hydra Multicellular plants-fern,spirogyra,mucor

Multicellular organisms
Multicellular Animals
hydra

Multicellular Plants

mucor fern

spirogira