Prentice Hall Introductory Sociology PowerPoint Slides, Version 2.0 Prepared by Roger J. Eich, Ph.D.

Hawkeye Community College Waterloo, Iowa

 ...THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF HUMAN SOCIETY

SYSTEMATIC
SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE THAT FOCUSES ATTENTION ON PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR

HUMAN SOCIETY
GROUP BEHAVIOR IS PRIMARY FOCUS; HOW GROUPS INFLUENCE INDIVIDUALS AND VICE VERSA

AT THE HEART OF SOCIOLOGY

THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE WHICH OFFERS A RATHER UNIQUE VIEW OF SOCIETY

The Sociological Perspective

OBSERVATIONS ARE CERTAINLY IMPACTED BY THE PERSONAL PERSPECTIVES THROUGH WHICH PEOPLE COME TO VIEW THE WORLD

 THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

ALLOWS YOU TO START SEEING THE GENERAL IN THE PARTICULAR
GENERAL CATEGORIES HELP SHAPE INDIVIDUALS LIFE EXPERIENCES

THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

ALLOWS YOU TO START SEEING THE STRANGE IN THE PARTICULAR
SOCIAL FORCES GUIDE HUMAN THOUGHT AND BEHAVIOR

WOW! NOW THAT IS COMPELLING!

COMPELLING EVIDENCE OF SOCIAL FORCES ACTING UPON HUMAN BEHAVIOR

DURKHEIMS STUDY OF SUICIDE

MORE LIKELY TO COMMIT

MALE PROTESTANTS WHO WERE WEALTHY AND UNMARRIED HAD HIGHER SUICIDE RATES

LESS LIKELY TO COMMIT

MALES JEWS AND CATHOLICS WHO WERE POOR AND MARRIED

ONE OF THE BASIC FINDINGS: WHY?

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THESE GROUPS HAD TO DO WITH SOCIAL INTEGRATION
THOSE WITH STRONG SOCIAL TIES HAD LESS CHANCE OF COMMITING SUICIDE

OTHER WAYS SOCIOLOGY ALLOWS US TO SEE ANEW

SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL MARGINALITY
SOME PEOPLE CAN BE REFERRED TO AS OUTSIDERS
NOT PART OF THE DOMINANT GROUP

THE LARGER THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE DOMINANT GROUP AND A MARGINAL GROUP
EASIER TO NOTICE MARGINALITY AND SUFFER FROM IT

SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL CRISIS

CONFRONTING SOCIAL PROBLEMS ALLOWS PEOPLE TO LOOK BEYOND THEIR OWN LIVES AND SEE HOW VARIOUS SYSTEMS IMPACT THEM

IMPORTANCE OF THESE ITEMS

THEY ALLOW US TO SEE BOTH THE SMALL AND THE LARGE PICTURE
WE BEGIN TO APPRECIATE THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MICRO AND MACRO ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL LIFE

GLOBAL LINKAGE
SOCIOLOGY OFFERS STUDENTS THE OPPORTUNITY TO UNDERSTAND THE GLOBAL VILLAGE
ALL SOCIETIES ARE INCREASINGLY CONNECTED THROUGH TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS MANY SOCIAL PROBLEMS FACED BY AMERICANS ARE MORE SERIOUS ELSEWHERE
IMMIGRANTS STILL SEE AMERICA AS A VISION OF HOPE AND A LAND OF GREAT OPPORTUNITIES

UNDERSTANDING GLOBAL ISSUES AND THE WORLD AROUND AMERICA ALLOWS STUDENTS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THEMSELVES
LEARNING TO SEE THE MANY SIMILARITIES ACCEPTING AND APPRECIATING THE DIFFERENCES

 CHALLENGES FAMILIARITY
IDEALISM VERSUS REALITY OF SITUATIONS FOR PEOPLE

BROADENS PERSONAL VIEWS

SEE OUR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS AND POWERFUL CONSTRAINTS

EMPOWERS PEOPLE
FORCES STUDENTS TO ENGAGE THE WORLD

RECOGNIZES SOCIAL DIVERSITY

UNDERSTANDING CAN LEAD TO ACCEPTANCE AND TOLERANCE

THE DISCIPLINES ORIGINS

EARLY IN THE 19TH CENTURY, WESTERN EUROPEAN SOCIETY EXPERIENCED MAJOR CHANGES IN MANY SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
SCIENCE REPLACING TRADITIONAL FORMS OF AUTHORITY
GREAT AMOUNT OF CONFUSION, FEAR, AND CHAOS

ECONOMIC REVOLUTION
CAPITALISM CHANGING THE FACE OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
EXTREME CHANGES IN FAMILY FORM; URBAN GROWTH

POLITICAL REVOLUTION
LIBERTY, EQUALITY, AND BROTHERHOOD
VIOLENCE, DISORDER, AND POLITICAL FIGHTS FOR CONTROL

 AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857)

PERSONALITIES

POSITIVISM; LAW OF THREE STAGES

HARRIET MARTINEAU (1802-1876)

FOCUS ON WOMENS RIGHTS

KARL MARX (1818-1883)

CLASS CONFLICT; HUMAN STRUGGLE

HERBERT SPENCER (1820-1903)

SOCIAL DARWINISM

EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917)

GROUP FORCES; SOCIAL INTEGRATION

JANE ADDAMS (1860-1933)

HULL HOUSE; SOCIAL WORK

W.E.B. DU BOIS (1868-1963)

PLIGHT OF AFRICAN AMERICANS

SOCIAL PARADIGMS
THEORY: A STATEMENT OF HOW AND WHY FACTS ARE RELATED PARADIGM: A SET OF FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTIONS THAT GUIDES THINKING
DOW N WITH PEOP LE

H WIT UP E OPL PE

PEOPLE HOLD DIFFERING OPINIONS ABOUT THEIR SOCIAL WORLD WE ALL COME FROM DIFFERENT SOCIAL EXPERIENCES AND THEY BIAS OUR ASSUMPTIONS

STRUCTURAL -FUNCTIONALISM
ASSUMPTION:
MACRO-ORIENTED (LARGE-SCALE) PARADIGM THAT VIEWS SOCIETY AS A COMPLEX SYSTEM WHOSE PARTS WORK TOGETHER TO PROMOTE SOCIAL STABILITY

PRINCIPLES:
SOCIAL STRUCTURE REFERS TO RELATIVELY STABLE PATTERNS OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR SOCIAL FUNCTION REFERS TO THE CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL PATTERNS FOR SOCIETY
ROBERT K. MERTONS THOUGHTS:
MANIFEST, LATENT, AND DYSFUNCTIONS

 ASSUMPTION:
ANOTHER MACRO-ORIENTED PARADIGM, BUT THIS ONE VIEWS SOCIETY AS A SYSTEM BASED ON INEQUALITY AND CONFLICT

PRINCIPLES:
FACTORS SUCH AS RACE, SEX, CLASS, AND AGE ARE LINKED TO SOCIAL INEQUALITY DOMINANT GROUP VS. MINORITY GROUPS INCOMPATIBLE DIFFERENCES SETTING UP SOCIAL ROADBLOCKS FOR OTHERS

SYMBOLIC INTERACTION
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION IS A MICRO-ORIENTED PARADIGM, WHICH MEANS IT IS EFFECTIVELY USED WHEN ATTEMPTING TO UNDERSTAND SMALLER SCALE SOCIAL PHENOMENA

ASSUMPTION:
THE VIEW THAT SOCIETY IS THE PRODUCT OF EVERYDAY INTERACTIONS

PRINCIPLES:
SOCIETY IS A COMPLEX MOSAIC OF UNDERSTANDING THAT EMERGES FROM THE VERY PROCESS OF INTERACTING
GOFFMANS DRAMATURGICAL ANALSYIS THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY