Reactions of Period 3 Elements

Element With Water With Oxygen Physical state of oxide Giant ionic structure. Exist as solid Acid base nature of oxide Basic oxide. Dissolves in water Na2O + H2O 2NaOH

Sodium

Reacts vigorously with water 4Na + 2H2O NaOH + H2

Burns with bright flame 2Na + O2 2Na2O

Magnesium

Does not react with water but reacts with steam Mg + H2O MgO + H2

Burns with white Giant ionic flame structure 2Mg + O2 2 Exist as solid MgO

Basic oxide. Insoluble in water Reacts with acid MgO + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O

Reactions of Period 3 Elements

Element With Water Does not react with water due to layer of Al2O3. Will react vigorously without the layer 2Al + 3H2O Al2O3 + 3H2 Does not react with water With Oxygen Physical state of oxide Acid base nature of oxide
Aluminiu m

Burns with white flame. 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3

Giant ionic Amphotheric oxide. Al3+ is small in structure. size and carries a high charge of 3+. Exist as solid Makes it to have high charge density which leads to high polarizing power. Al3+ able to distort the electron clouds of O2- ion. Hence Al2O3 able to show certain degree of covalent character With acid: Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O With base: Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O NaAl(OH)4 Giant molecular structure Exist as solid Doest not react with water. Reacts with hot concentrated sodium hydroxide: SiO2 +2NaOH Na2SiO3 + H2O

Silicon

Burns slowly at high temperature Si + O2 SiO2

Reactions of Period 3 Elements

Element With Water With Oxygen Physical state of oxide Simple molecules. P4O10 exist as solid P4O6 exist as liquid Acid Base nature of oxide Acidic oxide. Reacts with water P4O10 + 6H2O 4H3PO4 Phosphoric (V) acid P4O6 + 6H2O 4H3PO3 Phosphorus acid/ Phosphoric(III) acid Acidic oxide Reacts with water SO2 + H2O H2SO3 Sulphurous acid/Sulphuric(IV) acid SO3 + H2O H2SO4 Sulphuric(VI) acid Phosphorus Does not react with water Burns with bright flame. In excess oxygen: P4 + 5O2 P4O10 (phosphorus (V) oxide/phosphorus pentaoxide) In limited oxygen: P4 + 3O2 P4O6 (phosphorus (III) oxide/phosphorus trioxide) Melts and burn. S + O2 SO2 SO2 reacts with O2 in presence of vanadium(V)oxide at 450OC. SO2 + O2 SO3

Sulphur

Sulphur does not react with water

Simple molecules Both exist as gas

Reactions of Period 3 Elements

Element With Water With Oxygen Physical state of oxide Acid Base nature of oxide Chlorine Dissolves slowly in water: Cl2 + H2O HCl + HOCl (Hipochlorus acid. It acts as a bleaching agent) Does not react with air/oxygen directly. Oxide of chlorine is produced through the following reaction: 2Cl2 + 2HgO HgO.HgCl2 + Cl2O Cl2O7 + Simple Acidic oxide molecules. Dissolves in water as follows; Cl2O exist Cl2O +H2O 2HOCl as gas Cl2O7 + H2O 2HClO4 (perchloric acid) Cl2O7 exist as liquid

It is a disproportionation 2HClO4 reaction. H2O HOCl is not stable. Will decompose to HCl and O2 when exposed to sunlight