GENERATION OF MOBILES

By Rushi Akhil Jerrin

GENERATIONS ..
f Four Generations are running in the market. f They are
f The First Generation (1G).

f The Second Generation (2G).

f The Third Generation (3G).

f The Fourth Generation (4G).

THE FIRST GENERATION (1G)

f 1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telecommunication technology. f The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G generation) was

launched in Japan by NTT (NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION) in 1980.

f The second launch of 1G networks was the simultaneous launch of

the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1981
f The main difference between 1G and 2G, is that the radio signals that 1G

networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital.

FEATURES u..
f Allocates one 25 MHz frequency band for the signals to be sent from the

cell base station to the handset, and a second different 25 MHz band for signals for vice-versa.
f These bands were then split into a number of communications channels,

each of which would be used by a particular caller.

2G SUCCEEDING 1G ..
f With the introduction of 2G networks, the 1G phones were destined to become

obsolete, as they were

f not adaptable to the new 2G standards . f poor security due to the lack of encryption. f the fact that anyone with a receiver tuned to the right frequency could

overhear the conversation.

 Second generation telephone technology based on GSM or in

other words global system for mobile communication. Second generation was launched in Finland in the year 1991.

 GSM has its original origin from the Groupe Spcial Mobile, in

Europe. GSM is the most admired standard of all the mobile technologies.
 Second generation technologies are either TDMA or CDMA.  Now it is used in more than 212 countries in the world.  First one to help establish international roaming.  enabled the users to make use of the SMS to any mobile

network at any time.

 Availability of international emergency numbers.

GSM differs from its predecessor technologies in that both signaling and speech channels are digital and thus GSM is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This also facilitates the wide-spread implementation of data communication applications into the system.

 2G network allows for much greater penetration

intensity.
 Provided the services such as text messages, picture

messages and MMS.

 Holds sufficient security for both the sender and the

receiver.
 All text messages are digitally encrypted.

 Digital signals require consume less battery power.

 Digital coding.

 Digital signals are considered environment friendly.

 use of digital data service.

 Digital encryption has provided secrecy and safety to the data and

voice calls.

 The use of 2G technology requires strong digital signals to help

mobile phones work. If there is no network coverage in any specific area, digital signals would be weak.

HISTORY OF 3G
3g was first launched in Japan by NTT Docomo. Its network had brand name FOMA. It was introduced in May 2001 and the commercial launch was on October 1,2001.

3G
3G is the third generation of wireless technologies.

Mostly used with mobile phones as a means to connect to Internet.

Provides high-speed transmission, advanced multimedia access and global roaming.

HOW IS 3G BETTER?
3G has the following enhancements over other two generations:
    

Several times higher data speed Enhanced audio and video streaming Video-conferencing support Web and WAP browsing at higher speeds IPTV (TV through the Internet) support

WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR USING 3G?

The first thing you require is a device (e.g. a mobile phone) that is 3G compatible. 3G compatible phone normally has two cameras. Secondly we needed to be subscribed to a service provider. Device is connected to 3G network through simcard.

3G TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
Transfer rate for 3G Networks depends on movement: (1)It is 128-144 kbps(kilo bits per sec) for devices that are moving fast. (2)It is 384 kbps for slow ones(eg:Pedestrian) (3)For fixed wireless LANs speed is beyond

Mbps. It is a set of technologies and standards that include WCDMA, WLAN and cellular radio, among others.

CONT..
3G follows a pattern of G's that started in the early 1990's by the ITU. The pattern is actually a wireless initiative called the IMT -2000 (International Mobile Communications 2000). It includes General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) etc.

3G COST
The cost is not very cheap because of its services. It is worthwhile for users that need
connectivity on the move. Most providers have plans where user pays for amount of data transferred. For example, there are service plans where there is a flat rate for the first Gigabyte of data transferred, and a per minute cost for each additional Megabyte

TOP 5 3G PHONES IN WORLD

1)Apple iPhone 3G S

Bands: GSM 850/900/1800/1900 Weight:135 g Internal Memory:16/32GB shared memory Network: Edge WiFi : Wi-Fi 802.11b/g 3G Bands : HSDPA 850/1900/2100 Camera : 3 MP, Auto Focus Price: $199 with AT&T and $599 for unlocked 16 GB Model $299 with AT&T and $699 for unlocked 32 GB Model

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2) Nokia E71

2G Network : GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 3G Network : HSDPA 900 / 2100 , HSDPA 850 / 1900 - American version Display :Type TFT, 16M colors , Size 320 x 240 pixel 2.36 inches Memory : 110 MB Storage, 128 MB RAM, 8GB MicroSD supported Camera : 3.1 MP, autofocus and LED flash Price:$449

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3. Samsung i900 Omnia

2G Network : GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 3G Network : HSDPA 2100 Display Type : TFT resistive touch screen, 256K colors (65K effective) Display Size : 240 x 400 pixels, 3.2 inches Accelerometer sensor for auto-rotate Handwriting recognition Memory : 8/16GB Storage, 128 MB RAM Camera : 5MP autofocus, LED Flash Wi-Fi
Price:$469

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4) Nokia N96

2G Network : GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 3G Network : HSDPA 900 / 2100 , HSDPA 850 / 1900 American version Display : 16M Color TFT, 2.8 inches, 240 X 320 Pixels Memory : 16 GB Storage, 128MB RAM Wi Fi Camera : 5 MP Autofocus, LED Flash, Carl Zeiss Optics Price:$499

CONT
5) Blackberry Bold 9000

2G Network : GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 3G Network : HSDPA 850 / 1900 / 2100 Display : 2.6 inches, 480 X 320 pixels Memory : 1GB Storage, 128 MB RAM, Micro SDHC Upto 8GB WiFi Camera : 2 MP, LED Flash Price:$569

INTRO TO 4G
Fourth generation would be ready for implementation by 2012. Additional feature like Multimedia Newspapers, live TV with clarity of ordinary TV.

Infrastructure of 4g will only be packet based.

Technologies likeFlash-OFDM,802.16e i.e. mobile version of Wimax and HC-SDMA.