Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MONOTOWNS
Paths to Resilience
Stephen Karam
Lead Urban Economist ECA Urban Sector Leader
WORLD BANK
Compounded Annual Population Decline Rates in Russian Cities, from 1989 to 2010
The SCALE
A 2000 study of the Russian Ministry of Economics shows that:
467 cities and 332 smaller towns in Russia could be classified as monotowns over 40% of all Russian urban areas These monotowns amassed 24.5 million people over 17% of Russia s population, and generated over 30% of the country s industrial output Over 80% of their workforce belonged to the following industries: mechanical engineering, fuel industry, metallurgy, food processing, timber and pulp In size, monotowns vary from small towns like Pikalevo (22,000) to large cities like Togliatti (700,000)
The CHALLENGES
The transition of the 1990s found many monotowns with:
An industrial base that was often obsolete and/or underperforming Budget deficits and lack of funds for municipal projects Deteriorating urban infrastructure
The World Bank has also offered direct and indirect support
A number of WB reports show that:
National economic growth cannot occur equally in all geographic areas of a country nonetheless, the benefits of growth should be shared among all residents. Economic density is key to economic growth, especially for modern activities that involve sharing of knowledge, technology, and innovation. Removing barriers to internal mobility would lead to greater economic concentration (e.g. in growth centers like Moscow), which can improve the productivity and dynamism of the economy.
Special-purpose Institutions:
City-region organizations that coordinate regeneration efforts at the metropolitan level (Newcastle Gateshead in the UK) Ground Truthing: Community development organizations, neighborhood associations, foundations, corporations often play a critical role in coordinating regeneration efforts at the neighborhood level:
Gateshead, UK
Background: Population fell from 240,000 in 1931 to 72,800 in 2010. Manufacturing employment dropped from 40,000 in 1971 to 13,000 in 2001 Change Agents: 1NG (regional agency), Newcastle Gateshead Main Actions: Brownfields redevelopment Targeted investments in the city center Development of iconic structures Results: Unemployment dropped from 14% in 1981 to 6% in 2007. Increase in the number of skilled people
MUMBAI: Auction of land in city s new financial center ISTANBUL: Sale of old municipal bus station and surrounding land CAPE TOWN: Sale of Waterfront Property
Tutaev, Yaroslav
Background: 2009: Pop. of 41,290 and location of first oil refinery in Russia Key Issues: Local authorities want to invest in a new industrial park, but no clear market demand analysis Tourism development is a priority, but there are only 2 hotels in town Land taxes are a significant contributor to local budget comprehensive land management is key Potential: Proximity to larger markets is a potential advantage 30% of labor force works outside the city Potential for cultural heritage development
Asbest, Sverdlovsk
Background: 2009: Pop. of 70,800, specialized in production of asbestos Key Issues: PLAN: Somewhat unrealistic targets to have 40% of total output be innovative , and generate 4,600 new jobs by 2015 Demand for local labor is in decline Because of health issues and alternatives, asbestos is not an industry of the future Planned incubator for new businesses, but not clear what new industries are desired Potential: Potential to become a satellite town to Yekaterinburg, through highway investment project (Connectivity & Changing Function)
Leninsk-Kuznetsii, Kemerovo
Background: 2009: Pop. of 104,800, focused on coal-mining Key Issues: Extreme dependence on the core sector 78% of industrial production with plans to reduce to 49% by 2020 Ambitious investment program (RUR 184.1 bln), but not clear where funding is coming from or for what purpose Isolated from any major urban agglomeration Demographic decline and deteriorating housing stock Potential: Plans to make it part of a bi-polar agglomeration Relatively strong growth in the small businesses sector
Urbanization Knowledge Platform: We can mobilize global expertise through our partners, specific countries or cities, and practitioners, as well as peer cities. This assistance could include: Market Analysis: Help in preparing or guiding preparation of market analysis for a specific monocity Workshops with specific monotown cases to explore potential and constraints and provide inputs on strategy Support organization of international networks and specially tailored knowledge forums for exchange of information or building links with peer countries/cities Other?
Thank You! !