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SUB TOPICS
CELL RESPIRATION RESPIRATION CELL ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM GLUCOSE DURING AEROBIC ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM GLUCOSE RESPIRATION DURING AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN YEAST CELL IN YEAST CELL ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN HUMAN MUSCLE HUMAN ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN COMPARISON BETWEEN AEROBIC RESPIRATION AND MUSCLE ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION COMPARISON BETWEEN AEROBIC RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES AND BREATHING MECHANISM IN RESPIRATION AND ANAEROBIC HUMANS :RESPIRATION DIAGRAM 1 RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES AND DIAGRAM 2 BREATHING MECHANISM IN HUMANS AND DIAGRAM 3 ANIMALS DIAGRAM 4 RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES AND 3D RESPIRATION (ANIMATION) BREATHING MECHANISM IN PROTOZOA RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES AND BREATHING MECHANISM IN RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES AND INSECTS :BREATHING MECHANISM IN INSECTS TRACHEAL SYSTEM DIAGRAM 1 DIAGRAM 2
CELL RESPIRATION
Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used as fuels in cellular respiration, but glucose is most commonly used as an example to examine the reactions and pathways involved
Aerobic respiration : Is the oxidation of glucose in cell to poduce energy (ATP) in the presence of oxygen ANAEROBIC RESPIRATIon : Is the oxidation of glucose in cell to produce energy (ATP) in the absence of oxygen
Consist of nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles & lungs Air enters through the nostrils & passes through the pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles & end in alveolus
The trachea is supported by rings of cartilage (C-shaped) to prevent the tube from collapsing The lower end of trachea divides into 2 tubes called bronchi. The bronchi branches repeatedly into smaller tubes called bronchioles. Each bronchioles ends in a cluster of air sacs called alveoli.
Inner surface of alveoli is lined with a layer of moist epithelial cells Outer surface of alveoli is covered by a network of blood capillaries
INHALATION:
The abdominal muscle relax and the valve of spiracles open. The pressure in trachea decrease Air is forced into the body through the spiracles.
EXHALATION:
The abdominal muscle contract The pressure in tracheae increase. The air is forced out of the body through spiracles
TRACHEAL SYSTEM
Consist of a network of air tubes called as tracheae which open to the outside through small pores called spiracles. 10 pairs of spiracles on the thorax and abdomen Each spiracles is protected by valves which control the opening & closing of the spiracles Each tracheae is supported by chitin rings to prevents the air tube from collapsing The tracheae branches into finer tubes called tracheoles which are in direct contact with the insects tissues & organs Gases exchange occurs between tracheoles & cells by diffusion Larger insects such as grasshopper have air sacs to speed up the movement of gases to & from the insects body
TRACHEAL SYSTEM
INSECTS
FISH (GILLS)