LEADERSHIP

CHAPTER - 3

DEFINITION
ACCORDING TO KEITH DAVIS AND JOHN NEWSTORM : LEADERSHIP IS DEFINED AS THE PROCESS OF INFLUENCING AND SUPPORTING OTHERS TO WORK ENTHUSIASTICALLY TOWARDS ACHIEVING OBJECTIVES .

CHARACTERISTICS
      

DRIVE INTELLIGENCE ENERGY LEVELS AND STRESS TOLERANCE OPTIMISTIC EMOTIONAL MATURITY HONESTY AND INTEGRITY MOTIVATION

SOCIAL DISTANCE COGNITIVE ABILITY  KNOWLEDGE CREATIVITY SELF CONFIDENCE FLEXIBILITY UNDERSTANDING HUMAN NATURE

ESSENTIAL SKILLS


TECHNICAL : The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise .  INTERPERSONAL : It refers to the ability to work with, understand and motivate people and build team work.  CONCEPTUAL :It is the ability to process and interpret information, perceive trends and recognize changes.

FUNCTIONS
     

POLICY MAKER PLANNER EXECUTIVE EXTERNAL GROUP REPRESENTATIVE CONTROLLER OF INTERNAL GROUP RELATIONSHIP CONTROLLER OF REWARD AND PUNISHMENT

ARBITATOR AND MEDIATOR EXEMPLAR FATHER FIGURE SCAPEGOAT ENTREPRENEUR

LEADERSHIP STYLES
LEADERS

AUTOCRATIC

PARTICIPATIVE

FREE-REIN

AUTOCRATIC LEADERS (AUTHORITARIAN)

 

They make all decisions by themselves. They keep all the authority in their hands and discourage any suggestions from subordinates . They closely monitor the activities of employees and see that their instructions are followed by the employees.

AUTOCRATIC LEADERS


ADVANTAGE : Quick decisions can be taken and organized flow of activities in the organisation . DISADVANTAGE : It creates an environment of fear, distrust and frustration . If the subordinates dislike their leader then the labour turnover will be high (i.e. number of people leaving the organisation will increase ).

PARTICIPATIVE LEADERS (DEMOCRATIC)



They decentralize authority and encourage ideas and suggestions from the subordinates in the decision making process.  They also give considerable freedom in carrying out their activities .

PARTICIPATIVE LEADERS


ADVANTAGE : It increases employee satisfaction and generates feelings of mutual trust and confidence within the organisation . DISADVANTAGE : If employees are not motivated participative leadership will not be effective. Moreover there will be delay in the decision making process as it may take a long time to arrive at a consensus .

FREE-REIN LEADERS (LAISSEZ - FAIRE)



They avoid power and authority .  They do not set any goals nor sort out any problems .  They neither motivate nor guide their subordinates .

FREE-REIN LEADERS
ADVANTAGE : It is effective only when the group is composed of highly motivated and committed members .  DISADVANTAGE : This kind of leadership leaves the group directionless resulting in total confusion .


TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP


They make the subordinates aware of their importance and value the outcomes of their task.  They are able to induce their subordinates to overcome their personal interests and focus on organisational goals.  They win the trust and respect of their subordinates and motivate them to do their best.

CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP
Their subordinates not only respect them but worship them as superhuman hero.  There is unquestioned obedience and acceptance of beliefs from their followers.  They paint a picture of a future that promises a better and more meaningful life to their followers. Example : Flimstars and Cricketers.